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. 2023 Jul 19;13(7):1092. doi: 10.3390/brainsci13071092

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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The effects of DMF (60 mg/kg; 30 mg/kg twice a day; p.o.), BCP (2.5, 5 mg/kg/day; p.o.), and the combination of a CB₂ antagonist AM630 (1 mg/kg; i.p.) with BCP (5 mg/kg/day; p.o.) on intracellular levels of Arg-1 and iNOS and their products, urea, and NO of microglia isolated from EAE mice; (A) iNOS; (B) Arg-1; (C) ratio of iNOS/Arg-1 (M₁/M₂); (D) NO; (E) Urea; (F) ratio of NO/Urea (M₁/M₂). Data were presented as Mean ± SEM, n = six animals per group for each experiment protocol. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test were performed. (*) indicates the comparison between varying doses of BCP or DMF groups to the vehicle group, *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, and ***: p < 0.001; (⁺) makes a comparison between the vehicle and sham groups, ⁺⁺⁺: p < 0.001; ^# in comparison to DMF group in each graph, ^#: p < 0.05, ^##: p < 0.01, and ^###: p < 0.001.

The effects of DMF (60 mg/kg; 30 mg/kg twice a day; p.o.), BCP (2.5, 5 mg/kg/day; p.o.), and the combination of a CB₂ antagonist AM630 (1 mg/kg; i.p.) with BCP (5 mg/kg/day; p.o.) on intracellular levels of Arg-1 and iNOS and their products, urea, and NO of microglia isolated from EAE mice; (A) iNOS; (B) Arg-1; (C) ratio of iNOS/Arg-1 (M₁/M₂); (D) NO; (E) Urea; (F) ratio of NO/Urea (M₁/M₂). Data were presented as Mean ± SEM, n = six animals per group for each experiment protocol. Two-way ANOVA and Tukey’s multiple comparisons test were performed. (*) indicates the comparison between varying doses of BCP or DMF groups to the vehicle group, *: p < 0.05, **: p < 0.01, and ***: p < 0.001; (⁺) makes a comparison between the vehicle and sham groups, ⁺⁺⁺: p < 0.001; ^# in comparison to DMF group in each graph, ^#: p < 0.05, ^##: p < 0.01, and ^###: p < 0.001.