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Illustrative flow chart of our general decisional algorithm for PA surgical management. Each approach should be tailored to the clinical–radiological features and intra-operative findings of the individual case. CS: cavernous sinus; EEA: standard endoscopic endonasal approach; EPS: ethmoidopterygosphenoidal approach [33]; ETTA: endoscopic endonasal transplanum–transtuberculum approach; TCA: transcranial approach.
