Table 2.
Potential biomarkers in small cell lung carcinoma.
| Biomarker | Type | Potential Application | References |
|---|---|---|---|
| Delta-like ligand 3 DLL3 |
Tumor-specific marker | Biomarker for SCLC prognosis | Chen et al. [58] |
| Circulating tumor cells (CTC) | Liquid biopsy biomarker | Prognostic biomarker for therapy evaluation of therapy efficacy | Roumeliotou et al. [59] |
| Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) | Liquid biopsy biomarker | Biomarker for treatment efficacy and relapse detection | Almodovar et al. [60] |
| Exosomes | Extracellular vesicles | Non-invasive biomarkers for prognosis | Zhang et al. [61] |
| MYC proto-oncogene/bHLH transcription factor (MYC) | Genetic alteration | Potential biomarker for targeted therapy | Taniguchi et al. [62] |
| Programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) |
Immune checkpoint protein | Potential biomarker for immunotherapy response | Taniguchi et al. [62] |
| Tumor mutational burden (TMB) | Mutation load of a tumor | Potential biomarker for immunotherapy response | Taniguchi et al. [62] and Li et al. [65] |
| Microsatellite instability (MSI-H) |
Genetic marker of Microsatellite Instability | Potential biomarker for immunotherapy response | Taniguchi et al. [62] and Chang et al. [66] |
| Schlafen 11 (SLFN11) |
Liquid biopsy biomarker | Potential biomarker for the response on DNA damaging chemotherapy and PARP inhibition | Taniguchi et al. [62] and Zhang et al. [63] |