| TCGA | The Cancer Genome Atlas |
| GEO | Gene Expression Omnibus |
| TIDE | Tumor Immune Dysfunction and Exclusion |
| GSEA | Gene Set Enrichment Analysis |
| HNSC | Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma |
| TISCH | Tumor Immune Single-cell Hub |
| WGCNA | Weighted Gene Co-expression Network Analysis |
| OS | Overall survival |
| TIME | Tumor immune microenvironment |
| ICPs | Immune checkpoints |
| ICD | Immunogenic cell death |
| DCs | Dendritic cells |
| APC | Antigen presenting cells |
| ICB | Immune checkpoint blockage |
| MDSCs | Myeloid-derived suppressor cells |