Skip to main content
. 2023 Jun 30;45(7):5575–5597. doi: 10.3390/cimb45070352

Table 2.

Pathology of melanoma.

No Melanocytic Marker Detection, Prognostic or Proliferation of Melanoma Study
1 S-100 protein with different isoforms: S-100A1, S-100A2, and S-100A4
Subtypes: S100B, S100P, S100A4, S100A6, and S100A13
  • -

    detect a possible melanocytic neoplasm

 [38,18]
2 HMB-45 ‘human melanoma black,’ identified in 1986
  • -

    detects a melanosomal glycoprotein (Pmel17)

 [39,40]
3 MART-1—Melan A - histopathological marker for melanocytic progenitors [40,41]
4 Ki67 cell cycle regulatory protein
  • -

    a greater Ki67 level, worse prognosis

 [42,43]
5 Tyrosinase
  • -

    strongly positive IHC in 84% of melanoma cases

  • -

    TYR negatively regulates vasculogenic mimicry which leads to antioncogenic function of TYR in melanomas (Kamo H, 2022).

 [44,45]
6 MITF (microphthalmia-associated transcription factor)
  • -

    a low MITF/AXL ratio = early resistance to multiple targeted drugs [46]

 [46,47]