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. 2023 Jul 21;15(14):3711. doi: 10.3390/cancers15143711

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Targeting of complex biological networks in AML by CK2 inhibition; TLR4/CK2/NFκB interactions as an example of the complexity of CK2 targeting. NFκB is a common target for downstream TLR4 signaling and CK2-mediated phosphorylation; leukemogenesis/chemosensitivity is thereby modulated through three interacting networks: (i) Cross-talking intracellular signaling pathways (yellow) [9,12,13,14,16,22,71,75,76,77,78], (ii) the local extracellular microenvironment (extracellular matrix and cytokines; green) [76,79,80,81,82,83], and (iii) the cellular network with interactions between the leukemic cells and their neighboring non-leukemic endothelial cells [84,86,87,88,89,90,91], MSC [80,92,93], osteoblasts [76,94,95] and immunocompetent cells [96,97,98,99,100,101] (all in blue). Thus, the effects of TLR4/NFκB intracellular signaling are modulated by CK2-mediated phosphorylation of the common target NFκB.