Table 3.

The influence of important CK2 molecular targets on various hallmarks of cancer; a summary of the CK2 substrates in intracellular pathways (P3K–Akt, JAK–STAT, NFκB, DNA repair, Wnt) known to be important for leukemogenesis and chemosensitivity in primary human AML cells. The classification of individual mediators is based on reference [55].

Hallmark of Cancer	Phosphorylated Molecule/Control of Mediator Release
Regulation of apoptosis in AML cells	Akt, β-cathenin, p53, Pten
Proliferation of AML cells	Akt, Erk, IκBβ, NFκB, p65, Stat1, Stat3, Stat5, β-cathenin, Pten
Genome instability/DNA repair	Mre11, Xrcc1, β-cathenin, Xrcc4
Metabolic regulation of malignant cells	Akt–mTORC2, β-cathenin, mTORC1, Pten
Local malignant cell (bone marrow) infiltration	β-cathenin
Interactions with the tumor microenvironment Modulation of immunocompetent cells Local bone marrow angiogenesis	Akt, β-cathenin, fibronectin NFκB controls the release of a wide range of soluble mediators, including chemokines that are involved in leukocyte chemotaxis and local angiogenesis