Table 3.

Association between CEF and presence of congenital cardiac anomalies and all congenital anomalies, overall and in hospital admission records.

Congenital Cardiac Anomaly and All Congenital Anomaly Cases
	Univariate OR (95% CI)	p Value	Conditional OR (95% CI) *	p Value
Congenital cardiac anomalies
No CEF	1.00		1.00
CEF	1.32 (0.69, 2.49)	0.400	1.19 (0.62, 2.28)	0.593
No CEF	No congenital cardiac anomalies in the multiple marker group
Isolated CEF
CEF with another marker
Any congenital anomalies
No CEF	1.00		1.00
CEF	1.14 (0.82, 1.59)	0.440	1.08 (0.77, 1.51)	0.671
No CEF	Cannot be presented because n < 5 in some cells		1.00
Isolated CEF			1.01 (0.71, 1.44)	0.958
CEF with another marker **			5.03 (1.26, 20.10)	0.022
Hospital admissions with congenital cardiac anomaly and all congenital anomaly codes
	Conditional HR,	p value	Conditional HR, multiple admissions †† (95% CI)	p value
	any admission †
	(95% CI)
Hospital admissions with congenital cardiac anomaly codes ‡
No CEF	1.00		1.00
CEF	1.06 (0.50, 2.26)	0.886	1.16 (0.38, 3.52)	0.793
No CEF	No congenital cardiac admissions in multiple marker group
Isolated CEF
CEF with another marker
Hospital admissions with any congenital anomaly codes ‡‡
No CEF	1.00		1.00
CEF	1.13 (0.80, 1.60)	0.491	0.93 (0.55, 1.58)	0.803
No CEF	1.00		1.00
Isolated CEF	1.08 (0.76, 1.55)	0.661	0.90 (0.52, 1.56)	0.707
CEF with another marker	3.39 (0.84, 13.61)	0.085	2.63 (0.72, 9.65)	0.143

OR = odds ratio. HR = hazard ratio. * Conditional on sex, maternal age, Townsend score, preterm birth and C-section; ** commonest co-occurring marker is renal pelvis dilatation (numbers cannot be presented as n < 5). ^† First admission only, conditional on sex, maternal age, Townsend score, preterm birth and C-section; and all results from the analysis using multiple imputation. ^†† Additionally adjusting for multiple admissions using Anderson–Gill model. ^‡ Number of first admissions = 174; total number of admissions = 418. ^‡‡ Number of first admissions = 825; total number of admissions = 1869.