| Outline: Reasoning Fundamental Laws and “No Hope” for the 2LT Challengers |
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1. Introduction 2. Ubiquity and Conjugation of “Energy Forcing and Displacement” 3. Reasoning Logical-proofs of the Fundamental laws 4. Ubiquity of Thermal-motion and Heat, “Thermal roughness” and Indestructibility of Entropy 4.1. Ubiquity of Thermal-motion, Thermal-energy and Heat, Temperature and Entropy 4.2. Thermal particles, “Thermal Virtual-particles,” and “Thermal-moles” or Dimensionless entropy 4.3. Thermal-energy is Distinguished part of Internal-energy - “Pond analogy” demystified 4.4. Thermal-Roughness Ubiquity, and Inevitability of Thermal-Friction 4.5. Inevitability and Conjugation of Work-dissipation and Entropy-generation 4.6. Irreversibility of Entropy-generation and Indestructibility of Entropy - Essence of the 2LT 5. Carnot Maximum Efficiency, Reversible Equivalency, and Work Potential 5.1. Carnot Cycle Maximum Efficiency: Proof by Contradiction-Impossibility 5.2. Carnot Cycle, Carnot Efficiency, and Carnot Equality (CtEq) 5.3. Carnot “Reverse-cycle” and Thermodynamic “Reversible Equivalency” 5.4. Work-potential, Formation-work, and Exergy 6. Thermal Transformers: Carnot-Clausius Heat-Work Reversible-Equivalency (CCHWRE) 6.1. Thermal Transformers and CCHWRE 6.2. Proof of Ideal-gas Equation-of-state and CCHWE Confirmation 6.3. Reversible-cycles are 100%-efficient: Carnot-efficiency is essentially the “Measure of Heat-WP” 7. “No Hope” for the Challengers of the Second Law of Thermodynamics (2LT) 7.1. “Perpetual-Motion Watch” Deceptive Example 7.2. Three “Primary Deception structures” of hypothetical violation of the 2LT 7.3. “Experimental test of a Thermodynamic-paradox” Demystified 8. Conclusions In summary, the Second Law of Thermodynamics (2LT) References and Notes |