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. 2023 Jul 21;13(14):2434. doi: 10.3390/diagnostics13142434

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Case presentations of complex craniofacial trauma. (A) Three-dimensional reconstruction of Case 1. (B) Initial placement of the right frontal EVD through splayed fractures. (C) Power drill craniostomy next to the fracture to replace the initial EVD. (D) Case 2 demonstrating a penetrating injury with a left frontal entry wound extending into the occipital lobe. (E) Right frontal EVD placement using the power drill. (F) Axial CT after left-sided decompressive craniectomy. EVD, external ventricular drain; CT, computed tomography.