Algorithm 5 Biogeography-Based Optimization

1:Randomly generate a population P of n solutions 2:while the stop criterion is not met do 3:    Evaluate the HSI of each solution 4:    Calculate the number of species S, the rate of immigration $\lambda$ and emigration $\mu$ for each solution 5:    for $1\le i\le n$ do Use ${\lambda }_i$ to decide, in a probabilistic way, to migrate towards a solution i 6:     if rand$(0,1)<{\lambda }_i$ then Replace a randomly chosen variable in solution i with the variable in solution j 7:     end if 8:    end for Mutation: mutating individuals 9:end while