Table 5.
Potential Mechanism of Included Studies
| Study | Potential Mechanism | Reference |
|---|---|---|
| Zhu (2017) a | Up-regulated 5-HT1B receptor mRNA and protein in TNC and TG tissue of migraine rats | [25] |
| Qu (2017) | Up-regulated 5-HT1F receptor mRNA and protein in TNC, TG and RMg tissue of migraine rats | [26] |
| Zhao (2017) a | Up-regulated 5-HT1D receptor mRNA and protein in TNC and TG tissue of migraine rats | [27] |
| Zhang (2020) | Inhibited miR-34a-5p expression in TG, increase SIRT1 expression, down-regulated IL-1β/ COX-2, reduce PGE2 synthesis, reduce CGRP released from peripheral terminals of migraine rats | [28] |
| Zhang (2015) | Up-regulated CB1 in TG tissue, down-regulated CGRP serum levels of migraine rats | [29] |
| Zhu (2017) b | NM | [30] |
| Zhang (2018) | Inhibited trigeminal nerve-vascular activation by the kynurate pathway, reduced serum CGRP levels of migraine rats | [31] |
| Ye (2018) | Down-regulated NO and ET-1 levels in serum | [32] |
| Wang (2018) | Up-regulated 5-HT in serum, down-regulated CGRP and SP in serum | [33] |
| Liu (2019) a | Down-regulated NO, ET and CGRP levels in serum | [34] |
| Liu (2019) b | Down-regulated CGRP and SP in serum | [35] |
| Wang (2018) b | Inhibited serum inflammatory factors (CGRP, IL-1β, SP TNF-α) | [36] |
| Huang (2021) | Down-regulated 5-HT, CGRP, SP and ADORA1 in migraine rats | [37] |
| Zhang (2022) | Down-regulated IL-6, TNF-α positive cells in brainstem and CGRP mRNA expression in STN | [38] |
| Zhang (2016) | Up-regulated CB1 receptor expression and inhibited TGES-induced changes in IL-1β, COX2, PGE2 and CGRP. | [39] |
| Pei (2017) | Down-regulated 5-HT7R positive cells and protein expression in the PAG, RMg and TNC | [40] |
| Liu (2021) | Down-regulated 5-HT7R positive cells, mRNA expression and protein expression by regulating PKA and ERK 1/2 in TG and TNC | [41] |
| Qu (2020) a | Reduced C-fiber evoked WDR neuronal discharges of the TCC and exerted a DNIC effect | [42] |
| Qu (2020) b | Decreased the discharge rate of neurons in the TCC and regulated the activity state of TCC neurons | [43] |
| Zhao (2020) | Inhibited dural mast cells, macrophages, and serum inflammatory factors (CGRP, IL-1β, IL-6, TNF-α, BDNF and COX-2 in plasma levels) | [44] |
| Zhao (2017) | Inhibited CGRP protein expression in the TG, TNC and VMTN. Inhibited CGRP positive cells in the TG. | [49] |
Abbreviations: TG, trigeminal ganglia; TNC, trigeminal nucleus caudalis; NM, not mentioned; NO, nitric oxide; CB1, cannabinoid receptor 1; PEG2, serum prostaglandin E2; ET-1, endothelin-1; CGRP, calcitonin gene-related peptide; SP, substance P; 5-HT, 5-hydroxytryptamine; ET, endothelin; IL-6, interleukin 6; TNF-α, tumor necrosis factor-alpha; PAG, periaqueductal grey; RMg, raphe magnus nucleus; PKA, phosphorylation of protein kinase A; ERK 1/2, extracellular signal-regulated kinase 1/2; WDR, wide dynamic range; TCC, trigeminocervical complex; DNIC, diffuse noxious inhibitory controls; IL-1β, interleukin 1β; STN, spinal trigeminal nucleus; BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor; COX2, cyclooxygenase-2; VMTN, ventroposterior medial thalamic nucleus; ADORA1, Adenosine A1 Receptor.