Table 2.
Sociodemographic characteristics, health conditions, and lifestyle habits of the total population analyzed and stratified by sex; from 2018 MHAS data.
| Characteristic | Total (n = 9327) |
Men (n = 4108, 44%) |
Women (n = 5219, 56%) * |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 71.5 ± 7.8 | 71.8 ± 7.8 | 71.1 ± 7.8 |
| Age group | |||
| 60–69 years | 4135 (44%, 43–45%) | 1682 (41%, 39–42%) | 2453 (47%, 46–48%) * |
| 70–79 years | 3659 (39%, 38–40%) | 1729 (42%, 41–44%) | 1930 (37%, 36–38%) † |
| 80–89 years | 1359 (15%, 14–16%) | 613 (15%, 14–16%) | 746 (14%, 13–15%) |
| 90–99 years | 168 (1.9%, 1.5–2.1%) | 80 (2%, 1.5–2.4%) | 88 (1.7%, 1.3–2%) |
| ≥100 years | 6 (0.1%, 0–0.12%) | 4 (0.1%) | 2 (< 0.1%) |
| Years of education | 5.5 ± 4.7 | 6.1 ± 5.0 | 5.0 ± 4.3 a |
| Educational level b | |||
| Illiterate | 1630 (18%, 17–19%) | 625 (16%, 14–17%) | 1005 (19%, 18–20%) ‡ |
| Elementary | 4954 (53%, 52–55%) | 2133 (53%, 51–54%) | 2821 (54%, 53–56%) |
| Middle school | 1461 (16%, 15–17%) | 569 (14%, 13–15%) | 892 (17%, 16–18%) ‡ |
| High school | 368 (4%, 3.6–4.4%) | 211 (5%, 4–6%) | 157 (3%, 2.6–3.5%) |
| College or higher | 822 (9%, 8–10%) | 504 (12%, 11–13%) | 318 (6%, 5–7%) * |
| Locality size | |||
| Population ≥ 100,000 inhab. | 5301 (57%, 56–58%) | 2249 (55%, 53–56%) | 3052 (59%, 57–60%) |
| Population 15,000 y 99,999 inhab. | 1269 (13%, 12–14%) | 540 (13%, 12–14%) | 729 (14%, 13–15%) |
| Population 2500 y 14,999 inhab. | 895 (10%, 9–11%) | 405 (10%, 9–11%) | 490 (9%, 8.6–10%) |
| Population < 2500 inhab. | 1862 (20%, 19–21%) | 914 (22%, 21–24%) | 948 (18%, 17–19%) |
| Marital status | |||
| Married/in a civil union | 5883 (63%, 62–64%) | 3248 (79%, 78–80%) | 2635 (50%, 49–52%) * |
| Never married | 430 (5%, 4–6%) | 122 (3%, 2.5–3.5%) | 308 (6%, 5–7%) ‡ |
| Divorced/separated | 669 (7%, 6–8%) | 213 (5%, 4–6%) | 456 (9%, 8–10%) § |
| Widowed | 2345 (25%, 24–26%) | 525 (13%, 12–14%) | 1820 (35%, 34–36%) * |
| Health condition | |||
| With NCD | 6323 (68%, 67–69%) | 2448 (60%, 58–61%) | 3912 (75%, 74–76%) * |
| Healthy | 2964 (32%, 31–33%) | 1657 (40%, 39–42%) | 1307 (25%, 24–26%) * |
| One NCD | 3629 (39%, 38–40%) | 1513 (37%, 35–38%) | 2116 (41%, 39–42%) ‡ |
| Two NCD | 2243 (24%, 23–25%) | 780 (19%, 18–20%) | 1468 (28%, 27–29%) * |
| ≥3 NCD | 491 (5%, 4–6%) | 164 (4%, 3–5%) | 328 (6%, 5.6–7%) |
| Mild cognitive impairment | 2425 (26%, 25–27%) | 575 (14%, 13–15%) | 1983 (38%, 37–39%) * |
| Severe cognitive impairment | 373 (4%, 3.6–4.4%) | 41 (1%, 0.7–1.3%) | 313 (6%, 5–7%) * |
| Lifestyle | |||
| Smoking | 919 (10%, 9–11%) | 648 (16%, 15–17%) | 271 (5%, 4.6–6%) * |
| Alcohol intake | 2247 (24%, 23–25%) | 1496 (36%, 35–38%) | 751 (14%, 13–15%) * |
| Physical activity | 2717 (29%, 28–30%) | 1548 (38% 36–39%) | 1169 (22%, 21–24%) * |
| Average of performed AADLs | 5.67 ± 1.30 | 5.60 ± 1.70 | 5.75 ± 1.27 a |
Chi-square test * p < 0.0001; † p = 0.001; ‡ p < 0.05; § p < 0.01; a independent t-test, p < 0.0001; b missing data (n = 92). NDC: chronic noncommunicable disease. Quantitative data are means ± SD, categorical data are frequencies (%, 95% CI).