Table 4.
A representative selection of clinical devices, illustrating the wide range of generated magnetic fields, although, for most, essential parameters are missing, i.e., not readily available.
Device | Maximum Pulse Magnitude B [T] | [Hz] | [77] | Field Frequency [Hz] |
Pulse Shape | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Zimmer—emFieldPro [78] | 3 T | 1–150 Hz | variable | variable | variable | - |
PEMF-120 [79] | 0.94 T | 1–50 Hz | - | - | - | - |
Magnetolith —Storz [80] |
0.2 T | ≤10 Hz | - | 100–300 kHz | Dampened sine wave | 65,300 T/s |
Hofmag [81] | 0.029 T | 6 Hz | 1 ms | 28 kHz | Dampened sine wave | - |
Biostim—IGEA Medical [20,82] |
0.002 T | 75 Hz | 1.3 ms | - | Trapezoidal-shaped signal | - |
BIOMET—EBI Medical Systems [20] |
0.0016 T | 15 Hz | 5 ms | - | Trapezoidal-shaped signal, pulse train | - |
PST [83] | 0.0015 T | 10–20 Hz | - | - | quasi-rectangular | - |
SpinalStim— Orthofix Inc [84] |
0.00068 T | 1.5 Hz | - | 3.85 kHz | Triangle-shaped signal, pulse train |
- |
SofPulse [52,85] | 0.000005 T | 5 Hz | 2 ms | 27 MHz | Undefined signal, burst mode | - |