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. 2023 Jul 10;24(14):11267. doi: 10.3390/ijms241411267

Figure 2.

Figure 2

A scheme for the creation of sarcoidosis models in animals. For this purpose, animals are sensitised by preliminary administration of bacterial antigens (Mycobacterium protein particles, P. acnes) or carbon nanoparticles (MWNCTs), which initiate granulomas and pulmonary fibrosis as the main signs of sarcoidosis. Mice with deletion of the Tsc2 gene, a regulator of the mTOR signalling pathway, are also used to simulate sarcoidosis. Abbreviations: BAL—bronchoalveolar lavage, IHC—immunohistochemistry, PBMCs—peripheral blood mononuclear cells, GSEA—gene set enrichment analysis, GWAS—genome-wide association studies, WES—whole-exome sequencing, MWNCTs—multi-walled carbon nanotubes.