Table 3.
Estimated hazard ratios of each health outcome, respectively, by educational level: Cox proportional hazard models a.
| Model 1 b | Model 2 c | Model 3 c | Model 4 c | Model 5 c | ||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| HR d | 95% CI e | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | HR | 95% CI | |
| Poor SRH f | 2.17*** | (1.74, 2.70) | 2.06*** | (1.65, 2.59) | 2.01*** | (1.61, 2.51) | 2.16*** | (1.74, 2.70) | 1.94*** | (1.55, 2.44) |
| Multimorbidity | 1.13 | (0.94, 1.37) | 1.12 | (0.92, 1.36) | 1.07 | (0.88, 1.30) | 1.13 | (0.93, 1.37) | 1.07 | (0.88, 1.30) |
| ADL g limitation | 2.15*** | (1.42, 3.26) | 2.12*** | (1.40, 3.22) | 1.84** | (1.21, 2.80) | 2.12*** | (1.40, 3.23) | 1.84** | (1.21, 2.80) |
| IADL h limitation | 3.84*** | (2.98, 4.94) | 3.42*** | (2.66, 4.40) | 3.49*** | (2.70, 4.50) | 3.85*** | (2.99, 4.97) | 3.16*** | (2.44, 4.08) |
| Hypertension | 1.15 | (0.90, 1.47) | 1.15 | (0.90, 1.48) | 1.12 | (0.87, 1.43) | 1.13 | (0.89, 1.45) | 1.11 | (0.86, 1.43) |
| Dyslipidemia | 0.52*** | (0.40, 0.68) | 0.55*** | (0.42, 0.73) | 0.49*** | (0.38, 0.65) | 0.52*** | (0.40, 0.68) | 0.53*** | (0.40, 0.70) |
| Heart disease | 0.55*** | (0.40, 0.74) | 0.54*** | (0.39, 0.74) | 0.51*** | (0.38, 0.70) | 0.54*** | (0.40, 0.74) | 0.51*** | (0.37, 0.69) |
| Stroke | 0.80 | (0.52, 1.24) | 0.82 | (0.53, 1.26) | 0.73 | (0.47, 1.13) | 0.80 | (0.52, 1.23) | 0.75 | (0.48, 1.16) |
a
Full estimation results are presented in Table S2 in the Supplementary file.
b
Adjusted for age, sex, marital status, urban–rural residence, and type of social medical insurance schemes at baseline.
c
Further adjusted for low income and occupation (Model 2), depression (Model 3), smoking and alcohol drinking status (Model 4), and all the factors (Model 5).
d
Hazard ratio, which indicates the relative index of inequality (RII) of educational level.
e
Confidence interval.
f
Self-rated health.
g
Activities of daily living.
h
Instrumental activities of daily living.
***p < 0.001, **p < 0.01, *p < 0.05.