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. 2023 Jul 10;24(14):11275. doi: 10.3390/ijms241411275

Figure 1.

Figure 1

Natural products targeting the Aβ formation phase: inhibiting amyloid production. Caffeic acid (CA), gastrodin, quercetin, and salvianolic acid B inhibit the formation of Aβ aggregates by attenuating glycogen synthase kinase (GSK3β) enzyme activity and reducing BACE1 (β-secretase) activity. Curcumin and resveratrol (RES) reduce the level of BACE1 expression, thereby decreasing oligomer formation. Epigallocatechin-3-gallocatechin (EGCG) directly binds to oligomers and remodels the structure of oligomers, thereby reducing Aβ-induced neurotoxicity. EGCG specifically binds directly to oligomers and remodels their structure, disrupting their structure and attenuating Aβ-induced neurotoxicity.