Table 4.
Different hydrogel materials used for wound healing.
| Hydrogel Composition | Outcomes | Ref. |
|---|---|---|
| PLEL-nBG-QCS-C hydrogel: poly(d,llactide)-poly(ethylene glycol)-poly(d,l-lactide) PLEL, nano-scaled bioactive glass (nBG), and catechol modified quaternized chitosan (QCS-C) | Exhibits thermo-sensitivity, antibacterial properties, tissue adhesion, and accelerates wound healing | [134] |
| Chitosan-CMC-g-PF127 injectable hydrogels loaded with nano-curcumin | Show controlled release, biocompatibility, and promote diabetic wound repair | [135] |
| BT-CTS thermogel: Injectable thermosensitive hydrogel with black titania nanoparticles (B-TiO2-x) in chitosan matrix | Provides effective tumor therapy, wound closure, and tissue regeneration for skin tumors | [136] |
| Injectable silver-gelatin-cellulose ternary hydrogel dressing with aminated silver nanoparticles | Exhibits antibacterial properties and enhances cutaneous wound healing in infant nursing care | [137] |
| ZnO-Ber/H: Berberine-modified ZnO nano-colloids hydrogel | Promotes diabetic wound healing by enhancing wound healing rate, regulating antioxidant stress factors, downregulating inflammatory factors, and promoting the expression of vascular and epithelial tissue-related factors | [138] |
| CG/PDA@Ag hydrogel: Cationic guar gum hydrogel encapsulating Polydopamine NPs with Ag (PDA@Ag) | Combines high photothermal conversion efficiency and inherent antibacterial ability, demonstrating superior antibacterial efficacy for photothermal antibacterial therapy | [139] |
| Injectable alginate nanocomposite hydrogel containing nano-sized calcium fluoride particles | Enhances bioactivity, antibacterial property, cell proliferation, migration, and extracellular matrix deposition for accelerated wound healing | [28] |
| GG-MA/Laponite hydrogel: Gellan gum methacrylate (GG-MA) combined with laponite (R) XLG | Shows improved mechanical properties and potential as wound dressing materials for infected wounds | [29] |
| Nano-curcumin/CCS-OA hydrogel: In situ injectable hydrogel composed of curcumin, N,O-carboxymethyl chitosan, and oxidized alginate | Accelerates wound healing by promoting re-epithelialization and collagen deposition in rat dorsal wounds | [140] |
| KA hydrogel: Injectable oxidized alginate/carboxymethyl chitosan hydrogel functionalized with keratin nanoparticles (Ker NPs) and nanosized-EGCG covered with Ag nanoparticles (AE NPs) | Accelerates wound healing, particularly in the early stage, and improves the thickness of renascent epidermis | [141] |
| M@M-Ag-Sil-MA hydrogel: Photocurable methacryloxylated silk fibroin hydrogel (Sil-MA) co-encapsulated with metformin-loaded mesoporous silica microspheres (MET@MSNs) and silver nanoparticles (Ag NPs) | Resolves immune contradiction in diabetic wounds, promotes fibroblast migration and endothelial cell angiogenesis, and accelerates diabetic wound healing in a diabetic mouse model | [142] |
| RAAS hydrogel: Injectable hydrogel adhesive with rapid adhesion to wet tissues and anti-swelling properties. | Achieves rapid adhesion to wet tissues, exhibits excellent anti-swelling properties, and demonstrates fast hemostasis and stable adhesion strength in diverse hemorrhage models | [143] |
| GA@AgNPs-SA hydrogel: Injectable sodium alginate hydrogel loaded with gallic acid-functionalized silver nanoparticles (GA@AgNPs) | Exhibits long-term antimicrobial effect, reduces inflammatory response, and accelerates the repair of bacteria-infected wounds through sustained release of silver ions and promotion of angiogenesis | [144] |
| Injectable hydrogel with Ag-doped Mo2C-derived polyoxometalate (AgPOM) nanoparticles, urea, gelatin, and tea polyphenols (TPs) | Exhibits antibacterial activity, accelerates wound healing, and shows potential as a therapeutic agent for drug-resistant bacteria-infected wounds | [145] |
| CMCS-brZnO hydrogel: Injectable hydrogel synthesized by incorporating fusiform-like zinc oxide nanorods (brZnO) into carboxymethyl chitosan (CMCS) | Demonstrates injectability, self-healing, tissue adhesion, antibacterial activity, and promotion of wound healing through sustained release of antibacterial Zn(2+) ions | [146] |
| Silk fibroin-hyaluronic acid based injectable hydrogel incorporated with mace-like Au-CuS heterostructural nanoparticles (gAu-CuS HSs) | Enhances hemostasis, exhibits antibacterial activity, regulates cytokine expression, promotes angiogenesis, and accelerates wound healing, making it a promising strategy for diabetic wound healing | [147] |
| PH/sFDM hydrogel containing nano-sized suspended formulation and Pluronic F127/hyaluronic acid (HA) | Promotes neovessel formation, collagen deposition, blood reperfusion, and reduces necrosis and fibrosis in cutaneous wound and hindlimb ischemia models | [148] |
| Self-assembling hydrogels based on thiolated hyaluronic acid (HA-SH) and bioactive silver-lignin nanoparticles (Ag@Lig NPs) | Inhibits proteolytic enzymes, oxidative enzymes, and bacteria, while promoting tissue remodeling and skin integrity restoration in chronic wounds | [149] |
| Guar gum-grafted-polyacrylamidoglycolic acid (GG-g-PAGA) polymer-based silver nanocomposite (AgNC) hydrogels | Exhibits self-healing ability, injectability, stretchability, flowability, high swelling, porosity, mechanical behavior, and biodegradability, suitable for wound-healing applications | [150] |
Abbreviations: sFDM, Human fibroblast derived matrix in nano-sized suspended formulation.