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. 2023 Jul 10;24(14):11279. doi: 10.3390/ijms241411279

Figure 4.

Figure 4

Defective brain development in fetuses after systemic rhCypA injection into pregnant females in the period of organogenesis. F1(CBA/Lac × C57BL/6) females with a copulative plug were s.c. injected with 2.0 mg/mice rhCypA within the period of organogenesis (6.5–11.5 dpc). Control mice received PBS for the whole gestation period. Females were sacrificed on 18.5 dpc, and the histological analysis of the fetal brain was performed. (A,B) The frontal section at the level of olfactory bulbs. (A) A fetus of a control female (PBS): normal development of olfactory bulbs (1) and lateral ventricles (2). (B) A fetus of a rhCypA-dosed female: defects in the brain development, which resulted in the underdevelopment of olfactory bulbs (1) and lateral ventricles (2); severe hydrocephalus due to the excessive accumulation of the cerebrospinal fluid in lateral ventricles (2) and subarachnoid spaces (3); the defective formation of the cranial region of the skull (4). (C,D) The frontal section at the level of the cerebral hemispheres. (C) A fetus of a control female (PBS): normal development of cerebral hemispheres (5) and the cerebral cortex (6). (D) A fetus of a rhCypA-dosed female: defective formation of cerebral hemispheres (5), absence of the formed cerebral cortex (6), and severe hydrocephalus (7).