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. 2023 Jul 20;20(14):6412. doi: 10.3390/ijerph20146412

Table 2.

Sample characteristics.

Intervention Group
(n = 21)		 Control Group
(n = 14)		 Baseline (T0)
Differences
Age—M (SD)
range		 54.14 (5.51)
39–62		 50.00 (8.99)
33–66		 t(33) = 1.695, p = 0.100,
Cohen’s d a = 0.585
Marital status—n (%)
Single
Married
Cohabitation
5 (23.81)
15 (71.43)
1 (4.76)
1 (7.14)
4 (28.57)
9 (64.29)		 χ2(2) = 14.620, p = 0.0001 **,
Cramer’s V b = 0.646
Children—n (%)
Yes
No
12 (57.14)
9 (42.86)
9 (64.29)
5 (35.71)
χ2(1) = 0.179, p = 0.673,
Cramer’s V b = 0.071
Educational level—n (%)
Elementary school
Middle school
High school
University
0 (0)
5 (23.81)
10 (47.62)
6 (28.57)
0 (0)
3 (21.43)
7 (50.00)
4 (28.57)		 χ2(2) = 0.031, p = 0.985,
Cramer’s V b = 0.030
Diagnosis: Year—n (%)
2016–2017
2019–2020
10 (47.62)
11 (52.38)
3 (21.43)
11 (78.57)
χ2(1) = 2.468, p = 0.116,
Cramer’s V b = 0.266
Surgery: Type—n (%)
Quadrantectomy
Mastectomy
15 (71.43)
6 (28.57)
11 (78.57)
3 (21.43)
χ2(1) = 0.224, p = 0.636,
Cramer’s V b = 0.080
Medical treatments—n (%)
Radiotherapy
Chemotherapy
Hormonal therapy
Radio. and hormonal therapy
Chemo and hormonal therapy
Radio, chemo, and hormonal therapy
No treatments
0 (0)
0 (0)
3 (14.29)
11 (52.38)
2 (9.52)
4 (19.05)
1 (4.76)
1 (7.14)
1 (7.14)
0
6 (42.86)
3 (21.43)
3 (21.43)
0		 χ2(6) = 6.681, p = 0.351,
Cramer’s V b = 0.437
Main caregiver—n (%)
Father/mother
Other family member
A friend
Romantic partner/husband
1 (4.76)
3 (14.29)
3 (14.29)
14 (66.66)
1 (7.14)
1 (7.14)
1 (7.14)
11 (78.58)		 χ2(3) = 1.000, p = 0.801,
Cramer’s V b = 0.169
Body image (T0: BIS)—n (%)
Good body image (scores 0–10)
Composite body image (scores 11–20)
Impaired body image (scores 21–30)
6 (28.57)
11 (52.38)
4 (19.05)
1 (7.14)
6 (42.86)
7 (50.00)		 χ2(2) = 4.646, p = 0.098,
Cramer’s V b = 0.364
Symptoms of anxiety (T0: HADS-A)—n (%)
Normal level (scores 0–7)
Borderline level (scores 8–10)
Abnormal level (scores 11–21)
12 (57.14)
3 (14.29)
6 (28.57)
3 (21.43)
6 (42.86)
5 (35.71)		 χ2(2) = 5.303, p = 0.071,
Cramer’s V b = 0.389
Symptoms of depression (T0: HADS-D)—n (%)
Normal level (scores 0–7)
Borderline level (scores 8–10)
Abnormal level (scores 11–21)
16 (76.19)
5 (23.81)
0 (0)
8 (57.14)
6 (42.86)
0 (0)		 χ2(1) = 1.414, p = 0.234,
Cramer’s V b = 0.201

Abbreviations: BIS, Body Image Scale; HADS-A, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale—Anxiety subscale; HADS-D, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale—Depression subscale. a Cohen’s d: d = 0.2 small effect; d = 0.5 medium effect; d = 0.8 large effect [43]. b Cramer’s V: 0.1 = small effect; 0.1 < V ≤ 0.3 = medium effect; 0.3 < V ≤ 0.5 = large effect [43]. ** p < 0.001.