Table 1.

List of pesticides associated with bladder cancer and their structures.

Pesticide	Class	Structure	Potential Mode of Action	Reference
DDT	Insecticide		Oxidative stress, Xenoestrogen	[30,72,73]
Imazethapyr	Herbicide		DNA adducts	[30,74,75]
2,4-Dichlorophenoxyacetic acid	Herbicide		Oxidative stress	[30,76,77]
Bentazon	Herbicide		Mechanisms unknown	[30]
Bromoxynil	Herbicide		Mechanisms unknown	[30]
Chloramben	Herbicide		Mechanisms unknown	[30]
Diclofop-methyl	Herbicide		Genotoxic	[30,78]
Imazaquin	Herbicide		Mechanisms unknown	[30]
Heptachlor	Insecticide		Mechanisms unknown	[30]