Table 1.
Marketed and unreviewed AA treatments (completed clinical studies with results).
| Current Status of Clinical Trial | Intervention: Drug Only |
Study Title | Drug Target | Drug Application |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Phase 4 | Tofacitinib (Xeljanz®) |
Effectiveness and safety of Tofacitinib in patients with extensive and recalcitrant alopecia areata | JAK-1 and JAK-3 (JAK-STAT inhibition) |
Oral medication, (tablet) |
| Phase 2 | Ruxolitinib (Jakavi®) |
A study with ruxolitinib phosphate cream applied topically to subjects with alopecia areata (AA) | JAK-1 and JAK-2 (JAK-STAT inhibition) |
Ointment |
| Phase 2 Phase 3 |
Ritlecitinib (PF-06651600) |
PF-06651600 for the treatment of alopecia areata | JAK-3 (JAK-STAT inhibition) |
Oral medication, (tablet) |
| Phase 4 | Apremilast (Otezla®) |
Apremilast in the treatment of central centrifugal cicatricial alopecia (CCCA) | PDE-4 inhibitor, TNF-α inhibitor |
Oral medication, (tablet) |
| Phase 2 | Secukinumab | A study of secukinumab for the Treatment of alopecia Areata | PDE-4 inhibitor | Patches |
| Phase 2 | Dupilumab (Dupixent®) |
Treatment of alopecia areata (AA) with dupilumab in patients with and without atopic dermatitis (AD) | IL-4 and IL-13 inhibitor | Subcutaneous injection |
| Phase 3 | Diphencyprone | DPCP for the Treatment of Alopecia Areata | IL-10 and TGF-β1 inhibitor | Ointment |
| Phase 4 | Imiquimod (Zyclara®) |
Characteristics of T cells from alopecia areata scalp skin before and after treatment with aldara 5% | TLR-7 activation | Ointment |
| Phase 2 | Tralokinumab (Adtralza®, Adbry®) |
A pilot study of tralokinumab in subjects with moderate to severe alopecia areata | IL-13 inhibitor | Subcutaneous injection |
| Phase 2 | Triamcinolone (Kenalog®) |
Adrenal function and use of intralesional triamcinolone acetonide 10 mg/mL (Kenalog-10) in patients with alopecia areata | Glucocorticoid receptor agonist | Oral medication, subcutaneous/muscle injection, and inhalation |
| Phase 2 | Naltrexone (Revia®) |
Oral low-dose naltrexone for lichen planopilaris and frontal fibrosing alopecia | μ-opioid receptor antagonist | Oral medication (tablet), and intramuscular injection |
| Phase 3 | Ingenol | Efficacy and safety of ingenol mebutate gel for actinic keratosis applied on large area on face, scalp or chest | Not fully understood | Ointment |
| Phase 3 | Mebutate | Efficacy and safety of ingenol mebutate gel for actinic keratosis applied on large area on face, scalp or chest | Not fully understood | Ointment |
| Phase 2 | LEO43204 | LEO 124249 ointment in the treatment of alopecia areata | Not fully understood | Ointment |
| Not applicable |
Alefacept (Amevive®) |
Alefacept in patients with severe scalp alopecia areata | CD2 inhibition | Intramuscular injection |