Table 2.

Clinical characteristics of the most important forms of BK-AE.

Feature	ACEI-AE	HAE
age of onset	adult	usually 2–13 years
location of AE attacks	lips, tongue, face	facial, laryngeal, peripheral, abdominal area
speed of AE attack onset	gradual, over few hours	gradual, over few hours rapid onset, possibly <1 h
duration of AE attacks	usually 24–48 h after drug discontinuation	3–5 days without treatment
association with urticaria	no	no
abdominal pain presentation	yes	usually not

Note: ACEI-AE = AE induced by angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors; HAE = hereditary angioedema. Table modified from [110] for a simplified, rapid clinical approach for clinicians.