Table 2.

Comparison of the Pim kinase family members.

	Pim-1	Pim-2	Pim-3
Isoforms	44 kDa 34 kDa [42,64]	34 kDa 37 kDa 40 kDa [7,61,73]	34 kDa [78]
Isoform differences	Preferential of targets as opposed to others for Pim-1L and Pim-1S [66] such as Pim-1S favouring the androgen receptor [81] and Pim-1L phosphorylating Etk [65]	Largest isoform less active [7,61]	N/A
Protein localisation	Pim-1L plasma membrane Pim-1S cytosolic [65]	Cytoplasmic [61]	Cytoplasm [82]
Chromosome [83]	6 [63]	X [83]	22 [83]
Sequence similarity [24,78]	Pim-1 Pim-2 66%, Pim-1 Pim-3 77% [82], Pim-2 Pim-3 44% (Figure 2)
Structural differences		C-terminal helix missing in Pim-2 Six proline residues in the last structure [24].
Transcriptional regulation differences	NF-KappaB [84]. HOX9A upregulates Pim-1 [85]		Not dependent on NF-KappaB, but Sp1 and Ets-1 [86]. HOX9A downregulates Pim-3 [87].
Degradation	Ubiquitination [59,60,62]	Ubiquitin independent in normoxia [61]. Under hypoxia, ubiquitination takes place [62]	Believed to be Ubiquitinated similarly to Pim-1 [62]
Consensus peptide sequence (AKRRRRHPSGPPTA) binding affinity [31]	40–60 nM	640 nmol/L	40–60 nM
Kd for consensus sequence [31]	0.058 µM	0.64 µM	0.039 µM