Table 2.
Randomized controlled trials and meta-analysis of statin use in the COVID-19 setting.
| First Author (Year) | N | Population | Statin (Dose) | Outcomes | Measure | Results | 95% CI | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Ghafoori et al. (2022) [72] | 156 | Adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19, in Bojnourd city | Atorvastatin (20 mg) | Mean hospitalization days | Number of days | 7.72 days (statin) vs. 5.06 days (placebo) | N/A | p = 0.001 |
| Frequency of hospitalization in the ICU | Percent frequency | 18.4% (statin) vs. 1.3% (placebo) | p = 0.001 | |||||
| INSPIRATION-S Investigators (2022) [73] | 587 | Adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19, admitted to the ICU, in Iran | Atorvastatin (20 mg) | Composite of venous or arterial thrombosis, treatment with extracorporeal membrane oxygenation, or all-cause mortality |
OR | 0.84 | 0.58–1.21 | N/A |
| Davoodi et al. (2021) [74] | 40 | Adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19, in Iran | Atorvastatin (40 mg) | Primary outcome: Duration of hospitalization | Days | 9.75 ± 2.29 (control) vs. 7.95 ± 2.04 (statin) | N/A | p = 0.012 |
| Ghati et al. (2022) [75] | 900 | Adult hospitalized patients with COVID-19, in Jhajjar, Haryana (India) | Atorvastatin (40 mg) | Primary outcome: “clinical deterioration to WHO Ordinal Scale for Clinical Improvement ≥ 6”. |
Rate of outcome | 3.2% | N/A | N/A |
| HR | 1.0 | 0.41–2.46 | p = 0.99 | |||||
| Meta-analysis of above studies | ||||||||
| Xavier et al. (2023) [77] | 1231 | Varies by study. See above | Varies by study. See above | All-cause mortality | OR | 0.96 | 0.61–1.51 | p = 0.86 |
| Duration of hospitalization | Mean difference | 0.21 | −1.74–2.16 | p = 0.83 | ||||
| ICU admission | OR | 3.31 | 0.13–87.1 | p = 0.47 | ||||
| Need for mechanical ventilation | OR | 1.03 | 0.36–2.94 | p = 0.95 | ||||
OR = odds ratio; HR = hazard ratio.