Table 1.

The liver cell types and their primary functions.

Liver Cells	Types	Mass Percentage (%)	Functions	References
Parenchymal cells (PCs)	Hepatocytes and biliary tract cells	70–80	Managing the metabolism of nutrients and xenobiotics. Drug metabolism through phase I (CYP450), phase II, and phase III enzymes. Bile production and transport. Bilirubin conjugation and excretion. Production and recycling of proteins such as albumin. Glucose and lipid homeostasis. Production of hepatic clotting factors. Metabolism of amino acids. Cholesterol transport. Blood detoxification.	[81,82,83,84]
Nonparenchymal cells (NPCs)	Liver sinusoidal endothelial cells (LSECs)	15–20	Involved in the elimination of germs and endotoxins. Control over hepatic leukocyte migration. The primary cells that eliminate connective tissue molecules from the circulation.	[85,86,87]
	Kupffer cells (KCs)	15	Phagocytose cell and microbial debris. Phagocytose gut-derived microbial microorganisms that reach the liver through the bloodstream; Coordination of acute inflammation, host defense, and inflammation resolution. Maintenance of liver tissue balance and regeneration.	[21,85,88]
	Hepatic stellate cells (HSCs)	15	Metabolism of vitamin A. Storage of fat.	[89]