Table 1.

Studies that have described new-onset diabetes in COVID-19 patients.

Authors	Type of Study	Country	Number of Cases	Results
Sathish et al. [62]	Meta-analysis	China, Italy, US	3711 patients	14.4% of the population had new-onset diabetes
Sathish et al. [63]	Retrospective study	India	102 patients	20.6% of the population had new-onset diabetes
Li et al. [11]	Retrospective study	China	453 patients	20.8% of the population had new-onset diabetes
Unsworth et al. [65]	Retrospective study	UK	30 children	80% increase in new-onset T1DM
Tittel et al. [77]	Prospective study	Germany	Children from 216 paediatric diabetes centres	T1DM incidence increased from 16.4 per 100,000 to 22.2 per 100,000
Salmi et al. [78]	Retrospective study	Finland	Children admitted to PICU due to new-onset diabetes compared with the pre-pandemic period	The number of children admitted to PICU due to new-onset diabetes increased from 6.25 in 2016 to 20 in 2020.
Montefusco et al. [75]	Retrospective study	Italy	551 patients	46% were hyperglycaemic
Kamrath et al. [66]	Prospective study	Germany	532 newly diagnosed T1DM	The frequency of diabetic ketoacidosis was 44.7%
Fadini et al. [13]	Retrospective study	Italy	413 patients	5% had new-onset diabetes
Ghosh et al. [76]	Retrospective study	India	555 patients with new-onset diabetes	Patients with new-onset diabetes had worse glycaemic parameters
Shrestha et al. [79]	Meta-analysis	US, China, France, India, Italy	1943 patients across seven studies	The mortality rate in COVID-19-associated diabetes patients was 25%