Table 2.

Measures used for the assessment of QoL in CD patients.

Questionnaire	Domains	Items	Scales	Focus
Craniocervical dystonia questionnaire (CDQ-24)	5 domains: stigma, emotional wellbeing, pain, activities of daily living and family/social life	24 items	5-point scale (from 0 to 4). The total score ranges from 0 (best QoL) to 100 (worst QoL)	To addresses the perceptions and concerns of the patients with craniocervical dystonia to assess the impact of the disease
36-item short form health survey (SF-36)	8 domains: limitations in physical activities because of health problems, limitations in social activities because of physical or emotional problems, limitations in usual role activities because of physical health problems, bodily pain, general mental health, limitations in usual role activities because of emotional problems, vitality, general health perceptions	11 items	5-point scale (from 1 to 5) or 2-point scale (from 1 to 2) or 3-point scale (from 1 to 3) or 6-point scale (from 1 to 6) or The items are summed up to give 0–100 scores. Lower results represent worse QoL	To assess health at the individual level in clinical practice and research and at the population level for health policy evaluations, and general population survey
Cervical Dystonia Impact Profile (CDIP-58)	8 domains: head and neck symptoms, pain and discomfort symptoms, upper limb activities, walking, sleep, annoyance, mood, psychosocial functioning	58 items	5-point scale (from 1 to 5). The eight summary scale scores are generated by summing items and then transformed to a 0–100 scale. High scores indicate worse health	To assess patients’ perceptions and measure the health impact of cervical dystonia on patients’ lives
EuroQol Utility Values (EQ-5D-5L)	5 domains: mobility, self-care, usual activities, pain/discomfort and anxiety/depression.	26 items	5-point levels: no problems, slight problems, moderate problems, severe problems and extreme problems. Visual Analogical Scale (VAS) 0–100	To assess health related quality of life