Table 3.
Correlation of immunologic markers with clinicopathologic features.
| APRIL/TNFSF13 (806.4) | p | BAFF (664.0) | p | MMP-3 (736.2) | p | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Low (N = 51) | High (N = 19) | Low (N = 52) | High (N = 18) | Low (N = 23) | High (N = 47) | ||||
| Age, mean ± SD | 69.8 ± 10.7 | 69.2 ± 11.0 | 0.82 | 69.4 ± 11.1 | 70.3 ± 10.1 | 0.74 | 70.7 ± 11.4 | 69.1 ± 10.5 | 0.59 |
| Gender | |||||||||
| Male | 27 (52.9) | 11 (57.9) | 0.92 | 25 (48.1) | 13 (72.2) | 0.13 | 15 (65.2) | 23 (48.9) | 0.30 |
| Female | 24 (47.1) | 8 (42.1) | 27 (51.9) | 5 (27.8) | 8 (34.8) | 24 (51.1) | |||
| BMI | 23.5 ± 3.7 | 23.1 ± 3.1 | 0.70 | 23.4 ± 3.7 | 23.4 ± 3.0 | 0.96 | 23.3 ± 3.6 | 23.4 ± 3.5 | 0.90 |
| ASA score | |||||||||
| II | 28 (54.9) | 7 (36.8) | 0.28 | 29 (55.8) | 6 (33.3) | 0.17 | 13 (56.5) | 22 (46.8) | 0.61 |
| III | 23 (45.1) | 12 (63.2) | 23 (44.2) | 12 (66.7) | 10 (43.5) | 25 (53.2) | |||
| Medical history | |||||||||
| None | 14 (27.5) | 5 (26.3) | 0.95 * | 12 (23.1) | 7 (38.9) | 0.22 * | 6 (26.1) | 13 (27.7) | 0.81 |
| One | 14 (27.5) | 4 (21.1) | 16 (30.8) | 2 (11.1) | 5 (21.7) | 13 (27.7) | |||
| T or more | 23 (45.1) | 10 (52.6) | 24 (46.2) | 9 (50.0) | 12 (52.2) | 21 (44.7) | |||
| Tumor location | |||||||||
| Right | 15 (29.4) | 4 (21.1) | 0.65 | 17 (32.7) | 2 (11.1) | 0.13 * | 8 (34.8) | 11 (23.4) | 0.51 |
| Left | 20 (39.2) | 7 (36.8) | 20 (38.5) | 7 (38.9) | 7 (30.4) | 20 (42.6) | |||
| Rectum | 16 (31.4) | 8 (42.1) | 15 (28.8) | 9 (50.0) | 8 (34.8) | 16 (34.0) | |||
| CEA | |||||||||
| <5 | 34 (66.7) | 11 (57.9) | 0.68 | 34 (65.4) | 11 (61.1) | 0.96 | 19 (82.6) | 26 (55.3) | 0.04 |
| ≥5 | 17 (33.3) | 8 (42.1) | 18 (34.6) | 7 (38.9) | 4 (17.4) | 21 (44.7) | |||
| Operation method | |||||||||
| Open | 10 (19.6) | 5 (26.3) | 0.53 * | 11 (21.2) | 4 (22.2) | 1 * | 6 (26.1) | 9 (19.1) | 0.54 * |
| MIS | 41 (80.4) | 14 (73.7) | 41 (78.8) | 14 (77.8) | 17 (73.9) | 38 (80.9) | |||
| T stage | |||||||||
| Tis | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.3) | 0.29 * | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.6) | 0.09 * | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.1) | 0.01 * |
| 3 | 40 (78.4) | 13 (68.4) | 42 (80.8) | 11 (61.1) | 22 (95.7) | 31 (66.0) | |||
| 4 | 11 (21.6) | 5 (26.3) | 10 (19.2) | 6 (33.3) | 1 (4.3) | 15 (31.9) | |||
| N stage | |||||||||
| 0 | 22 (43.1) | 6 (31.6) | 0.60 * | 20 (38.5) | 8 (44.4) | 0.81 * | 13 (56.5) | 15 (31.9) | 0.15 * |
| 1 | 20 (39.2) | 8 (42.1) | 22 (42.3) | 6 (33.3) | 6 (26.1) | 22 (46.8) | |||
| 2 | 9 (17.6) | 5 (26.3) | 10 (19.2) | 4 (22.2) | 4 (17.4) | 10 (21.3) | |||
| M stage | |||||||||
| 0 | 45 (88.2) | 12 (63.2) | 0.03 * | 45 (86.5) | 12 (66.7) | 0.08 * | 21 (91.3) | 36 (76.6) | 0.19 * |
| 1 | 6 (11.8) | 7 (36.8) | 7 (13.5) | 6 (33.3) | 2 (8.7) | 11 (23.4) | |||
| TNM stage | |||||||||
| 0 | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.3) | 0.02 * | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.6) | 0.06 * | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.1) | 0.04 * |
| 2 | 21 (41.2) | 4 (21.1) | 19 (36.5) | 6 (33.3) | 13 (56.5) | 12 (25.5) | |||
| 3 | 24 (47.1) | 7 (36.8) | 26 (50.0) | 5 (27.8) | 8 (34.8) | 23 (48.9) | |||
| 4 | 6 (11.8) | 7 (36.8) | 7 (13.5) | 6 (33.3) | 2 (8.7) | 11 (23.4) | |||
| Metastatic lymph node | 1.8 ± 3.3 | 3.2 ± 4.3 | 0.23 | 2.0 ± 3.3 | 2.8 ± 4.4 | 0.45 | 1.1 ± 1.7 | 2.7 ± 4.2 | 0.02 |
| Harvested lymph node | 24.4 ± 9.4 | 25.9 ± 14.9 | 0.68 | 25.3 ± 9.8 | 23.4 ± 14.4 | 0.62 | 27.1 ± 13.1 | 23.7 ± 9.9 | 0.27 |
| Tumor differentiation | |||||||||
| WD | 10 (19.6) | 3 (16.7) | 0.79 * | 9 (17.3) | 4 (23.5) | 0.63 * | 4 (17.4) | 9 (19.6) | 0.91 * |
| MD | 39 (76.5) | 14 (77.8) | 41 (78.8) | 12 (70.6) | 19 (82.6) | 34 (73.9) | |||
| PD | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (2.2) | |||
| Mucinous | 1 (2.0) | 1 (5.6) | 1 (1.9) | 1 (5.9) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (4.3) | |||
| Tumor size (cm), mean ± SD | 4.9 ± 2.2 | 5.2 ± 1.3 | 0.50 | 4.9 ± 2.2 | 5.1 ± 1.5 | 0.64 | 4.8 ± 2.0 | 5.0 ± 2.1 | 0.74 |
| Lymphatic invasion | |||||||||
| Negative | 28 (54.9) | 10 (52.6) | 1 | 28 (53.8) | 10 (55.6) | 1 | 11 (47.8) | 27 (57.4) | 0.61 |
| Positive | 23 (45.1) | 9 (47.4) | 24 (46.2) | 8 (44.4) | 12 (52.2) | 20 (42.6) | |||
| Venous invasion | |||||||||
| Negative | 47 (92.2) | 16 (84.2) | 0.37 * | 47 (90.4) | 16 (88.9) | 1 * | 21 (91.3) | 42 (89.4) | 1 * |
| Positive | 4 (7.8) | 3 (15.8) | 5 (9.6) | 2 (11.1) | 2 (8.7) | 5 (10.6) | |||
| Perineural invasion | |||||||||
| Negative | 40 (78.4) | 10 (52.6) | 0.06 | 40 (76.9) | 10 (55.6) | 0.15 | 19 (82.6) | 31 (66.0) | 0.24 |
| Positive | 11 (21.6) | 9 (47.4) | 12 (23.1) | 8 (44.4) | 4 (17.4) | 16 (34.0) | |||
| EGFR | |||||||||
| Negative | 1 (2.1) | 4 (22.2) | 0.01 * | 1 (2.0) | 4 (25.0) | 0.01 * | 0 (0.0) | 5 (11.6) | 0.15 * |
| Positive | 47 (97.9) | 14 (77.8) | 49 (98.0) | 12 (75.0) | 23 (100.0) | 38 (88.4) | |||
| MSI | |||||||||
| MSS | 46 (92.0) | 17 (100.0) | 0.56 * | 47 (92.2) | 16 (100.0) | 0.56 * | 21 (91.3) | 42 (95.5) | 0.60 * |
| MSI-H | 4 (8.0) | 0 (0.0) | 4 (7.8) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (8.7) | 2 (4.5) | |||
| KRAS | |||||||||
| Wild | 27 (56.2) | 12 (63.2) | 0.80 | 29 (59.2) | 10 (55.6) | 1 | 12 (57.1) | 27 (58.7) | 1 |
| Mutant | 21 (43.8) | 7 (36.8) | 20 (40.8) | 8 (44.4) | 9 (42.9) | 19 (41.3) | |||
| NRAS | |||||||||
| Wild | 33 (97.1) | 14 (93.3) | 0.52 * | 35 (97.2) | 12 (92.3) | 0.46 * | 16 (100.0) | 31 (93.9) | 1 * |
| Mutant | 1 (2.9) | 1 (6.7) | 1 (2.8) | 1 (7.7) | 0 (0.0) | 2 (6.1) | |||
| BRAF | |||||||||
| Wild | 45 (95.7) | 17 (94.4) | 1 * | 45 (93.8) | 17 (100.0) | 0.56 * | 19 (95.0) | 43 (95.6) | 1 * |
| Mutant | 2 (4.3) | 1 (5.6) | 3 (6.2) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (5.0) | 2 (4.4) | |||
| Laboratory markers, median [IQR] | |||||||||
| WBC (103/μL) | 6.6(5.4, 9.2) | 7.1 (6.5, 8.8) | 0.53 | 7.2 (5.5, 9.2) | 6.7 (5.9, 8.9) | 0.83 | 6.5 (4.9, 7.6) | 7.2 (5.9, 9.4) | 0.10 |
| Hb (g/dL) | 12.6 (10.4, 13.6) | 11.1 (9.7, 12.5) | 0.13 | 12.4 (10.2, 13.4) | 12.4 (9.8, 13.8) | 0.87 | 12.4 (10.1, 13.8) | 12.3 (10.2, 13.6) | 0.58 |
| PLT (103/μL) | 272.0 (209.5, 323.0) | 253.0 (231.0, 331.0) | 0.92 | 275.5 (212.2, 333.5) | 242.0 (224.5, 294.2) | 0.37 | 260.0 (193.0, 307.0) | 259.0 (222.5, 332.5) | 0.42 |
| Neutrophil (103/μL) | 4.7 (3.0, 6.4) | 5.1 (4.4, 7.1) | 0.17 | 4.7 (3.1, 6.9) | 4.9 (4.3, 6.8) | 0.38 | 3.6 (3.0, 5.8) | 4.9 (3.7, 7.1) | 0.08 |
| Lymphocyte (103/μL) | 1.6 (1.3, 1.9) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.8) | 0.20 | 1.5 (1.2, 1.9) | 1.3 (1.0, 1.8) | 0.49 | 1.4 (1.2, 1.7) | 1.6 (1.1, 1.9) | 0.48 |
| NLR | 2.7 (2.1, 4.2) | 4.1 (2.7, 6.0) | 0.04 | 2.7 (2.2, 4.4) | 3.9 (2.7, 5.4) | 0.15 | 2.5 (2.1, 4.1) | 3.6 (.5, 5.2) | 0.16 |
| CRP (mg/dL) | 0.4 (0.3, 1.6) | 1.0 (0.3, 2.3) | 0.25 | 0.5 (0.3, 1.8) | 0.7 (0.3, 1.3) | 0.97 | 0.6 (0.3, 1.3) | 0.7 (0.3, 1.8) | 0.99 |
| Albumin (g/dL) | 3.9 (3.6, 4.3) | 3.7 (3.2, 4.0) | 0.07 | 3.9 (3.6, 4.2) | 3.8 (3.3, 4.2) | 0.58 | 3.8 (3.2, 4.2) | 3.9 (3.5, 4.3 | 0.31 |
| Chemotherapy | |||||||||
| No | 17 (33.3) | 7 (36.8) | 1 | 16 (30.8) | 8 (44.4) | 0.44 | 9 (39.1) | 15 (31.9) | 0.74 |
| Yes | 34 (66.7) | 12 (63.2) | 36 (69.2) | 10 (55.6) | 14 (60.9) | 32 (68.1) | |||
| Radiotherapy | |||||||||
| No | 50 (98.0) | 19 (100.0) | 1 * | 51 (98.1) | 18 (100.0) | 1 * | 22 (95.7) | 47 (100.0) | 0.32 * |
| Yes | 1 (2.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1.9) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (4.3) | 0 (0.0) | |||
| Recurrence | |||||||||
| No | 34 (66.7) | 8 (42.1) | 0.06 * | 35 (67.3) | 7 (38.9) | 0.03 * | 16 (69.6) | 26 (55.3) | 0.08 * |
| Yes | 12 (23.5) | 5 (26.3) | 12 (23.1) | 5 (27.8) | 2 (8.7) | 15 (31.9) | |||
| Death | |||||||||
| No | 36 (70.6) | 9 (47.4) | 0.11 * | 37 (71.2) | 8 (44.4) | 0.08 * | 16 (69.6) | 29 (61.7) | 0.78 * |
| Yes | 4 (7.8) | 1 (5.3) | 3 (5.8) | 2 (11.1) | 1 (4.3) | 4 (8.5) | |||
SD, standard deviation; ASA, American Society of Anesthesiologists; CEA, carcinoembryonic antigen; MIS, minimally invasive surgery; EGFR, epidermal growth factor receptor; MSI, microsatellite instability; IQR, interquartile range; WBC, white blood cell; Hb, hemoglobin; PLT, platelet; NLR, neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio. * Statistical analysis for this variable was performed using Fisher’s exact test.