Table 2.

Knowledge gaps in clinical practice guidelines and recommendations.

Topic	Gaps in Evidence
Heart failure classification
LVEF thresholds	Sex-based threshold values in LVEF
NPs levels	Relevance of sex and hormonal status in establishing The normal reference range for NPs
Sex-specific risk factors
HDPs and APOs	Prognostic role of preeclampsia/eclampsia
Premature menopause	HRT and SERMs
Cardiomyopathies	Treatment of PPCM and inflammatory cardiomyopathies
Heart failure management
Guideline-directed medical therapy	Sex-specific therapeutic options and drug dosages
CIED	Sex-specific QRS duration thresholds

APOs = adverse pregnancy outcomes; CIED = cardiac implantable electronic device; CMP = cardiomyopathy; HF = heart failure; HPDs = hypertensive disorders; HTR = hormone replacement therapy; LVEF = left ventricle ejection fraction; NPs = natriuretic peptides; PPCM = peripartum cardiomyopathy; SERMs = selective estrogen-receptor modulators.