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Effect of NP-2007 on inflammatory mediator and pro-inflammatory cytokine levels in serum of MIA-induced OA rats. ELISA was used to quantify the amount of (A) tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, (B) interleukin (IL)-1β, (C) IL-6, and (D) prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) in serum. All values represent the mean ± SD. Data were examined using Duncan’s multiple comparison test. *** p < 0.001 vs. control group; ### p < 0.001 vs. MIA-injected group.
