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. 2023 Jun 27;13(7):1457. doi: 10.3390/life13071457

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© 2023 by the authors.

Licensee MDPI, Basel, Switzerland. This article is an open access article distributed under the terms and conditions of the Creative Commons Attribution (CC BY) license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/).

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Acute and repeated psychophysical stress of the entire organism changed transcriptional profiles of adrenergic receptors and adrenergic receptor kinases but not glucocorticoid receptor in the whole adrenal gland, adrenal cortex, and medulla tissues. Whole adrenal gland (A,B) tissue as well as adrenal cortex (C,D) and medulla (E,F) tissues were isolated from undisturbed rats, as well as acutely (1 × IMO) and repeatedly (2 × IMO and 10 × IMO) stressed rats. Tissue was further used for RNA isolation followed by an analysis of the transcriptional profile of adrenergic receptors, adrenergic receptor kinases, and glucocorticoid receptor. The data bars represent mean ± SEM values of two independent, in vivo experiments (number in brackets above the bars represents number of analyzed animals). Statistical significance was set at level of p < 0.05: * vs. control group and # vs. 1 × IMO group.