Table 1.
Descriptives of the patients.
| Patients | Total Group | Women | Men | CSS+ | CSS− | ||||||||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| CSS+ | CSS− | CSS+ | CSS− | CSS+ | CSS− | Women vs. Men | Women vs. Men | ||||||||||||
| N | Mean ± SD % |
N | Mean ± SD % |
p | N | Mean ± SD % |
N | Mean ± SD % |
p | N | Mean ± SD % | N | Mean ± SD % | p | p | p | |||
| Age (years) | 1730 | 49.5 ± 15.2 | 1160 | 50.8 ± 17.1 | 0.028 * | 1213 | 47.9 ± 15.2 | 600 | 47.9 ± 17.9 | 0.947 | 517 | 53.1 ± 14.5 | 560 | 54.1 ± 15.7 | 0.326 | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | ||
| Height (cm) | 1370 | 173.2 ± 9.5 | 992 | 175.2 ± 10.1 | <0.001 * | 955 | 169.2 ± 7.2 | 508 | 168.7 ± 7.2 | 0.287 | 415 | 182.6 ± 7.1 | 484 | 182.0 ± 8.0 | 0.210 | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | ||
| Weight (kg) | 1370 | 82.4 ± 18.5 | 992 | 82.2 ± 17.9 | 0.882 | 955 | 78.3 ± 17.1 | 508 | 74.8 ± 16.2 | <0.001 * | 415 | 91.8 ± 18.3 | 484 | 90.0 ± 16.3 | 0.135 | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | ||
| BMI (kg/cm²) | 1369 | 27.4 ± 5.5 | 992 | 26.7 ± 5.1 | 0.002 * | 954 | 27.4 ± 5.8 | 508 | 26.3 ± 5.7 | 0.001 * | 415 | 27.5 ± 5.0 | 484 | 27.1 ± 4.3 | 0.286 | 0.717 | 0.008 * | ||
| CSI (0−100) | 1730 | 44.8 ± 14.5 | 1160 | 33.3 ± 14.2 | <0.001 * | 1213 | 46.0 ± 14.4 | 600 | 34.6 ± 14.4 | <0.001 * | 517 | 42.0 ± 14.3 | 560 | 31.9 ± 13.9 | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.001 * | ||
| Pain now (0−10) | 1147 | 6.3 ± 2.2 | 919 | 6.1 ± 2.3 | 0.026 * | 785 | 6.3 ± 2.2 | 463 | 6.0 ± 2.3 | 0.060 | 362 | 6.3 ± 2.2 | 456 | 6.1 ± 2.3 | 0.198 | 0.853 | 0.651 | ||
| Mean pain last 7 days (0–10) | 1430 | 6.7 ± 1.8 | 1024 | 6.7 ± 1.8 | 0.680 | 991 | 6.7 ± 1.8 | 523 | 6.6 ± 1.8 | 0.382 | 439 | 6.7 ± 1.8 | 501 | 6.7 ± 1.8 | 0.826 | 0.958 | 0.296 | ||
| Worst pain (0–10) | 1430 | 8.5 ± 1.4 | 1024 | 8.4 ± 1.5 | 0.155 | 991 | 8.5 ± 1.3 | 523 | 8.4 ± 1.5 | 0.085 | 439 | 8.4 ± 1.5 | 501 | 8.4 ± 1.4 | 0.978 | 0.237 | 0.667 | ||
| PCS (0–52) | 1686 | 22.1 ± 11.6 | 1145 | 21.8 ± 11.4 | 0.445 | 1171 | 21.3 ± 11.3 | 586 | 20.9 ± 11.4 | 0.533 | 515 | 24.0 ± 11.9 | 559 | 22.7 ± 11.3 | 0.059 | <0.001 * | 0.009 * | ||
| PDI (0–70) | 1170 | 40.4 ± 13.0 | 800 | 38.4 ± 14.7 | 0.001 * | 797 | 40.4 ± 12.9 | 388 | 37.9 ± 15.0 | 0.005 * | 373 | 40.5 ± 13.3 | 412 | 38.9 ± 14.4 | 0.092 | 0.878 | 0.349 | ||
| Number of pain locations | 1730 | 2.5 ± 2.1 | 1160 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | <0.001 * | 1213 | 2.6 ± 2.2 | 600 | 1.8 ± 1.3 | <0.001 * | 517 | 2.3 ± 1.9 | 560 | 1.7 ± 1.3 | <0.001 * | 0.001 * | 0.159 | ||
| Number of CSSs (0–10) | 1730 | 2.0 ± 1.2 | 1160 | 0 | <0.001 * | 1213 | 2.1 ± 1.2 | 600 | 0 | <0.001 * | 517 | 1.7 ± 1.0 | 560 | 0 | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | NA | ||
| Physical component SF-12 (0–100) | 1582 | 38.9 ± 5.6 | 1090 | 39.3 ± 5.9 | 0.090 | 1104 | 38.7 ± 5.5 | 566 | 39.0 ± 5.7 | 0.303 | 478 | 39.3 ± 5.9 | 524 | 39.6 ± 6.1 | 0.463 | 0.085 | 0.154 | ||
| Mental component SF-12 (0–100) | 1582 | 45.2 ± 7.3 | 1090 | 47.4 ± 7.3 | <0.001 * | 1104 | 45.4 ± 7.1 | 566 | 47.5 ± 7.3 | <0.001 * | 478 | 44.6 ± 7.8 | 524 | 47.2 ± 7.4 | <0.001 * | 0.060 | 0.615 | ||
| Pain locations | <0.001 * | <0.001 * | 0.003 * | 0.008 * | <0.001 * | ||||||||||||||
| Head | 35 | 2.0% | 24 | 2.1% | 23 | 1.9% | 12 | 2.0% | 12 | 2.3% | 12 | 2.1% | |||||||
| Neck, shoulders, high back and arms | 102 | 5.9% | 66 | 5.7% | 59 | 4.9% | 24 | 4.0% | 43 | 8.3% | 42 | 7.5% | |||||||
| Elbow, wrist, hand | 14 | 0.8% | 6 | 0.5% | 8 | 0.7% | 3 | 0.5% | 6 | 1.2% | 3 | 0.5% | |||||||
| Lower back | 323 | 18.7% | 315 | 27.2% | 213 | 17.6% | 155 | 25.8% | 110 | 21.3% | 160 | 28.6% | |||||||
| Hip, knee | 30 | 1.7% | 20 | 1.7% | 19 | 1.6% | 9 | 1.5% | 11 | 2.1% | 11 | 2.0% | |||||||
| Foot, ankle | 24 | 1.4% | 40 | 3.4% | 16 | 1.3% | 12 | 2.0% | 8 | 1.5% | 28 | 5.0% | |||||||
| Chest, abdomen | 93 | 5.4% | 72 | 6.2% | 72 | 5.9% | 47 | 7.8% | 21 | 4.1% | 25 | 4.5% | |||||||
| Pelvis | 61 | 3.5% | 39 | 3.4% | 49 | 4.0% | 29 | 4.8% | 12 | 2.3% | 10 | 1.8% | |||||||
| Other | 121 | 7.0% | 104 | 9.0% | 79 | 6.5% | 49 | 8.2% | 42 | 8.1% | 55 | 9.8% | |||||||
| Multiple locations | 927 | 53.6% | 474 | 40.9% | 675 | 55.6% | 260 | 43.3% | 252 | 48.7% | 214 | 38.2% | |||||||
Abbreviations: CSS+: patients with chronic pain with central sensitivity syndrome(s); CSS−: patients with chronic pain without central sensitivity syndrome(s); N: number; BMI: body mass index; PCS: pain catastrophizing scale; PDI: pain disability index; CSI: central sensitisation inventory; CSS: central sensitivity syndrome(s); NA: Not applicable; SF-12: short-form 12-item health questionnaire; SD: standard deviation. Statistics: Comparison made with a student t-test between women vs. men and CSS+ vs. CSS−. For the location of pain, Χ2-test was used to calculate the differences between groups. * p < 0.05.