Table 1.
Demographics, comorbidities, and treatment courses of onychomycosis patients and case–controls in the All of Us research program.
| Onychomycosis Patients (n = 15,760) |
Case Controls (n = 47,280) | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Average age (SD) | 64.9 (12.9) | 64.1 (13.1) | ||
| Female | 63.7 (13.0) | 63.0 (13.2) | ||
| Male | 66.2 (12.6) | 65.6 (12.9) | ||
| Other | 66.3 (12.2) | 66.0 (11.7) | ||
| Sex, n (%) | ||||
| Female | 8535 (54.2) | 26,147 (55.3) | ||
| Male | 6996 (44.4) | 20,513 (43.4) | ||
| Other | 229 (1.5) | 620 (1.3) | ||
| Race, n (%) | ||||
| White | 8325 (52.8) | 25,556 (54.1) | ||
| Black | 3634 (23.0) | 10,539 (22.3) | ||
| Other | 3801 (24.1) | 11,185 (23.7) | ||
| Ethnicity, n (%) | ||||
| Hispanic/Latino | 2804 (17.8) | 8306 (17.6) | ||
| Non-Hispanic/Latino | 12,956 (82.2) | 38,974 (82.5) | ||
| Co-diagnoses, n (%) | Odds ratio | p -value * | ||
| Obesity | 7311 (46.4) | 11,934 (25.2) | 2.59 [2.49–2.69] | <2.2 × 10−16 |
| Tinea pedis | 3394 (21.5) | 1174 (2.5) | 10.9 [10.1–11.6] | <2.2 × 10−16 |
| Peripheral vascular disease | 2266 (14.4) | 2439 (5.2) | 3.04 [2.86–3.24] | <2.2 × 10−16 |
| Venous insufficiency | 2111 (13.4) | 2053 (4.3) | 3.38 [3.15–3.59] | <2.2 × 10−16 |
| Venous varices | 890 (5.6) | 1016 (2.1) | 2.71 [2.47–2.97] | <2.2 × 10−16 |
| Diabetes mellitus | 888 (5.6) | 831 (1.8) | 3.28 [2.98–3.61] | <2.2 × 10−16 |
| HIV | 556 (3.5) | 944 (2.0) | 1.8 [1.61–2.00] | <2.2 × 10−16 |
| Immunosuppression | 33 (0.2) | 73 (0.2) | 1.37 [0.90–2.06] | 0.21 |
| Hyperhidrosis | <20 (<0.1) † | 21 (0.04) | 2.14 [1.1–4.15] | 2.5 × 10−2 |
| Medication use, n (%) | 95% CI | |||
| Oral | ||||
| Terbinafine | 3287 (20.9) | N/A | 20.2–21.5 | |
| Fluconazole | 2707 (17.1) | N/A | 16.6–17.8 | |
| Griseofulvin | 171 (1.09) | N/A | 0.93–1.26 | |
| Itraconazole | 167 (1.05) | N/A | 0.91–1.24 | |
| Topical | ||||
| Ciclopirox | 1961 (12.4) | N/A | 11.9–13.0 | |
| Efinaconazole | 403 (2.6) | N/A | 2.31–2.81 | |
| Tavaborole | 54 (0.3) | N/A | 0.26–0.45 | |
| Procedures, n (%) | 95% CI | |||
| Debridement of nail(s) | 3044 (19.3) | N/A | 18.7–19.9 | |
| Nail avulsion or removal | 688 (4.4) | N/A | 4.04–4.70 | |
| Trimming of nail(s) | 464 (2.9) | N/A | 2.69–3.22 |
CI: confidence interval; HIV: human immunodeficiency virus; N/A: not applicable; SD: standard deviation. * Benjamini–Hochberg adjusted p-values corresponding with a false discovery rate (FDR) <0.1. † Less than notation is required for compatibility with All of Us policies that help protect patient privacy.