Table 3.
Characteristics of patients and nutritional, cognitive, and functional performance according to frailty status.
| Not Frail N = 121 (49.2%) |
Frail N = 125 (50.8%) |
p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age, years | 74.6 ± 6.4 | 80.7 ± 8.3 | <0.001 |
| Genre F | 67 (55.4%) | 80 (64.0%) | 0.168 |
| Co-morbidities > 3 | 48 (39.7%) | 62 (49.6%) | 0.117 |
| Haemoglobin, g/dL | 12.4 ± 2.1 | 11.2 ± 1.8 | <0.001 |
| WBCs, n/mm3 | 6700 [5285, 8550] | 8070 [5245, 11,500] | 0.026 |
| Lymphocytes, n/mm3 | 1617 [1271, 2254] | 989 [705, 1413] | <0.001 |
| Glucose, mg/dL | 104 [88.0, 128.5] | 110.5 [83.7, 145.2] | 0.458 |
| Albumin, g/dL | 3.5 ± 0.5 | 2.8 ± 0.5 | <0.001 |
| Total cholesterol, mg/dL | 169.9 ± 44.9 | 138.1 ± 43.7 | <0.001 |
| Creatinine, mg/dL | 0.9 [0.7, 1.1] | 1.2 [0.8, 104] | 0.006 |
| Triglycerides, mg/dL | 111.0 [78.5, 152.5] | 104.0 [78.0, 143.5] | 0.279 |
| CRP, ng/ml | 5.2 [1.8, 16.6] | 29.4 [9.9, 47.4] | <0.001 |
| BMI, Kg/m2 | 28.2 ± 5.5 | 26.6 ± 5.3 | 0.028 |
| MNA, score | 23.5 ± 4.2 | 18.6 ± 4.9 | <0.001 |
| CONUT, score | 3 [1, 4] | 6 [5, 8] | <0.001 |
| MMSE, score | 22.6 ± 6.9 | 17.7 ± 9.0 | <0.001 |
| ADL, score | 6 [5, 6] | 4 [1, 6] | <0.001 |
| IADL, score | 5 [4, 8] | 2 [1, 5] | <0.001 |
| GDS-SF, score | 3 [1, 6] | 5 [3, 7] | 0.001 |
| LOS, days | 10.2 ± 4.3 | 16.2 ± 6.9 | <0.001 |
| In-hospital Mortality, n (%) | 3 (2.5%) | 16 (12.8%) | 0.002 |
Data are expressed as mean (± standard deviation), median [interquartile range] or n (percentage) as appropriate. Abbreviations: M, male; F, female; WBCs, white blood cells; CRP, C reactive protein; MNA, mini nutritional assessment; CONUT, controlling nutritional status; MMSE, mini mental state examination; ADL, activity of daily living; IADL, instrumental activity of daily living; GDS-SF, geriatric depression scale short form; LOS, length of stay. p value < 0.05 were considered statistically significant (in bold).