Table 2.
Intraoperative management.
| Spinal (LA + Morphine) (n = 240) |
Spinal (Morphine) (n = 255) |
General (n = 149) |
p Value | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Surgery duration (min) | 158 ± 55 | 163 ± 59 | 167 ± 68 | ns |
| Intraoperative intravenous sufentanil (mcg) | 32 ± 16 | 44 ± 16 * | 52 ± 18 *$ | <0.001 |
| Intraoperative intravenous morphine (n, %) | 0 (0) | 1 (0.4) | 24 (16.1) *$ | <0.001 |
| Intraoperative intravenous ketamine (n, %) | 1 (0.4) | 5 (2) | 19 (12.8) *$ | <0.001 |
| Abdominal wall block or wound infiltration (n, %) | 5 (2.1) | 2 (0.8) | 17 (11.4) *$ | <0.001 |
| PCA morphine (n, %) | 3 (1.3) | 1 (0.4) | 65 (43.6) *$ | <0.001 |
| Elastomeric pump tramadol (n, %) | 1 (0.4) | 0 (0) | 23 (15.4) *$ | <0.001 |
| Crystalloids (mL) | 1647 ± 675 | 1592 ± 510 | 1609 ± 647 | ns |
| Urine output (mL) | 402 ± 314 | 359 ± 216 | 465 ± 667 | ns |
| Albumin use (n, %) | 10 (4.2) | 6 (2.4) | 4 (2.7) | ns |
| Blood transfusion (n, %) | 5 (2.1) | 3 (1.2) | 4 (2.7) | ns |
| Hypotension (n, %) | 61 (25.8) | 35 (14.6) | 17 (11.6) | <0.001 |
| Ethylephrine use (n, %) | 74 (30.8) | 62 (24.3) | 31 (20.8) | ns |
| Ephedrine use (n, %) | 41 (17.1) | 30 (11.8) | 10 (6.7) * | ns |
| Atropine use (n, %) | 16 (6.7) | 13 (5.1) | 4 (2.7) | ns |
| Norepinephrine use (n, %) | 14 (5.8) | 2 (0.8 *) | 3 (2.01) | <0.05 |
Data are expressed as mean ± standard deviation or count (percentage) as appropriate. p value refers to ANOVA for continuous variables (Kruskal–Wallis for crystalloids and urine output) and chi-square test for categorical values. In case of significant ANOVA and pairwise comparison, * indicates p value < 0.05 vs. Group 1 and $ p value < 0.05 vs. Group 2. ns = not statistically significant.