Table 3.

Types of ceramic primers.

Presentation and Recommendations of Use	One Bottle Silane [70]	Two Bottles Silane [75]
Bottle content	1% to 5% silane in a water/ethanol solution with an acetic acid adjusted pH of 4 to 5.	Container1: unhydrolyzed silane/ethanol solution. Container 2: an acetic acid/water solution.
Shelf life	Limited to one year	Around two years
Recommendation of use	Refrigerated storage Bringing refrigerated containers to room temperature prior to use Discard when solution appears cloudy or milky or any type of precipitate is noticed	Must be discarded after shelf-life is reached.
Number of coats	Maximum 2 coats
Time for hydrolysis to occur	Already pre-hydrolyzed	From 0 to 5 min
Effect of treatment	Silane in the solution reacts with the substrate, forming chemical bonds	The unhydrolyzed silane/ethanol solution in container 1 serves as the primary active component. The acetic acid/water solution in container 2 helps facilitate the hydrolysis of the silane. When the contents of both containers are mixed, hydrolysis occurs