Figure 4.

Platelet glycoprotein-Ib (GPIb) may act as a bridge between T2DM and atherosclerosis. In the context of T2DM, various risk factors such as high glucose levels, insulin resistance, oxidative stress, and inflammation can contribute to increased platelet hyperreactivity. One of the effects of these risk factors is the upregulation of GPIb expression, which promotes platelet adhesion, activation, and aggregation. These processes, in turn, contribute to the development and progression of atherosclerosis.