Table 3.
Relationship Among 3 HOMA‐IR Trajectories and Coronary Artery Calcification in Participants With Different Obesity Types
| HOMA‐IR trajectory | Events/total, n/N | Unadjusted | Model 1 | Model 2 | Model 3 | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | OR (95% CI) | P value | ||
| Obesity (P interaction = 0.159*) | |||||||||
| Subjects with obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) | |||||||||
| Low level | 41/189 | Reference | … | Reference | … | Reference | … | Reference | … |
| Moderate level | 225/745 | 1.56 (1.07–2.28) | 0.021 | 1.65 (1.11–2.47) | 0.014 | 1.42 (1.09–1.85) | 0.010 | 1.64 (1.07–2.52) | 0.024 |
| High level | 104/273 | 2.22 (1.46–3.39) | <0.001 | 2.14 (1.36–3.37) | 0.001 | 4.07 (2.09–7.92) | <s0.001 | 1.82 (1.04–3.19) | 0.036 |
| Subjects without obesity (BMI <30 kg/m2) | |||||||||
| Low level | 239/1052 | Reference | … | Reference | … | Reference | … | Reference | … |
| Moderate level | 145/472 | 1.51 (1.18–1.92) | 0.001 | 1.35 (1.04–1.76) | 0.023 | 1.71 (1.14–2.57) | 0.009 | 1.17 (0.83–1.65) | 0.367 |
| High level | 26/46 | 4.42 (2.43–8.06) | <0.001 | 3.93 (2.05–7.51) | <0.001 | 2.35 (1.49–3.72) | <0.001 | 2.63 (1.09–6.36) | 0.032 |
| Abdominal obesity (P interaction = 0.171†) | |||||||||
| Subjects with abdominal obesity‡ | |||||||||
| Low level | 44/202 | Reference | … | Reference | … | Reference | … | Reference | … |
| Moderate level | 226/774 | 1.48 (1.03–2.14) | 0.037 | 1.47 (0.99–2.16) | 0.055 | 1.50 (1.01–2.22) | 0.043 | 1.42 (0.94–2.15) | 0.097 |
| High level | 119/289 | 2.51 (1.67–3.78) | <0.001 | 2.24 (1.44–3.48) | <0.001 | 2.47 (1.58–3.86) | <0.001 | 1.90 (1.11–3.26) | 0.020 |
| Subjects without abdominal obesity | |||||||||
| Low level | 236/1039 | Reference | … | Reference | … | Reference | … | Reference | … |
| Moderate level | 144/443 | 1.64 (1.28–2.10) | <0.001 | 1.39 (1.06–1.81) | 0.017 | 1.50 (1.14–1.98) | 0.003 | 1.33 (0.94–1.90) | 0.113 |
| High level | 11/30 | 1.97 (0.92–4.20) | 0.079 | 1.44 (0.64–3.24) | 0.382 | 1.50 (0.65–3.44) | 0.340 | 1.05 (0.37–3.00) | 0.928 |
Model 1, adjusted for age, sex, and race.
Model 2, adjusted for model 1 plus BMI, smoking status, and creatinine.
Model 3, adjusted for model 2 plus SBP, DBP, LDL‐C, HbA1c, and HOMA‐IR. BMI indicates body mass index; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; HbA1c, glycosylated hemoglobin; HOMA‐IR, Homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance; LDL‐C, low‐density lipoprotein cholesterol; OR, odds ratio; and SBP, systolic blood pressure.
Interaction between HOMA‐IR level trajectory and BMI ≥30.
Interaction between HOMA‐IR level trajectory and abdominal obesity.
Abdominal obesity was defined as waist circumference ≥102 cm for men and ≥88 cm for women.