Table 1.
Demographic and neural characteristics of the sample.
| Variables | Whole cohort (n = 213) | Inactive controls low burden (n = 10) | Inactive controls high burden (n = 22) | Active controls low burden (n = 19) | Active controls high burden (n = 26) | Inactive patients low burden (n = 22) | Inactive patients high burden (n = 46) | Active patients low burden (n = 27) | Active patients high burden (n = 41) | p |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Demographic/clinical | ||||||||||
| Age (years)a,b | 69 (17) | 61.50 (17) | 73 (9) | 58 (14) | 71.50 (12) | 62 (15) | 78 (10) | 59 (17) | 69 (13)▼*** | <0.001 |
| APOE status (No. of Ɛ4 carriers/No. of individuals with APOE data, %)c,d | 77/193 (39.90%) | 2/9 (22.22%) | 1/17 (5.88%) | 7/19 (36.84%) | 4/22 (18.18%) | 8/21 (38.10%) | 20/39 (51.28%) | 15/27 (55.56%) | 20/39 (51.28%)♦** | 0.004 |
| BMIe,f | 26.61 (4.73) | 24.76 (6.49) | 25.39 (5.63) | 27.18 (6.57) | 28.15 (4.72) | 26.16 (10.38) | 25.81 (5.37) | 24.09 (6.29) | 26.47 (4.38) | 0.054 |
| Education (years)a,b | 12 (6) | 16.50 (9) | 12.50 (7) | 15 (3) | 13 (6) | 11 (2) | 10 (4) | 14 (5)▲* | 9 (7)♦** | <0.001 |
| MMSEa,b | 27 (5) | 29 (4) | 28.50 (3) | 29 (2) | 28.50 (1) | 23.50 (5) | 25.50 (5) | 27 (6)▲* | 26 (4)♦*** | <0.001 |
| Sex (Females %)c,d | 117 (54.93%) | 7 (70%) | 15 (68.18%) | 15 (78.95%) | 12 (46.15%) | 14 (63.64%) | 26 (56.52%) | 18 (66.67%) | 10 (24.39%)▼**,♦** | 0.001 |
| SBPa,b | 142 (27) | 124 (25) | 150 (30) | 141 (23) | 145.50 (21) | 123.50 (14) | 149.50 (32) | 137 (17)▲** | 149 (24) | <0.001 |
| Vascular scorese,f | 30.26 (19.05) | 16.32 (13.09) | 38.32 (32.23) | 13.76 (6.76) | 30.54 (11.76) | 13.13 (5.93) | 43.61 (25.88) | 14.65 (6.72) | 31.31 (22.27)▼** | <0.001 |
| Neuroimaging | ||||||||||
| GMV (mL)e,f | 599.47 (74.55) | 634.33 (74.35) | 586.51 (38.28) | 669.59 (65.39) | 616.71 (63.00) *
|
593.87 (69.07) | 543.47 (64.92) | 624.00 (73.49) | 604.19 (72.81)▼*** | <0.001 |
| WMV (mL)e,f | 404.23 (55.75) | 378.72 (94.41) | 379.34 (52.24) | 427.17 (61.63)†* | 424.53 (74.15)**
|
393.82 (61.46) | 376.13 (75.70) | 407.30 (67.99) | 415.59 (103.43)▼* | 0.001 |
| TIV (mL)e,f | 1453.05 (154.37) | 1366.47 (158.48) | 1391.88 (130.10) | 1494.76 (148.17)†* | 1507.33 (180.44)*
|
1434.74 (162.35) | 1430.83 (145.90) | 1450.90 (127.23) | 1489.44 (156.32)♦* | 0.037 |
APOE, apolipoprotein E; BMI, body mass index; GMV, gray matter volume; MMSE, mini mental state examination; No, number; SBP, systolic blood pressure; TIV, total intracranial volume; WMV, white matter volume. aMedian (interquartile range); bKruskall-Wallis; cFrequencies; dChi-Square test; eMean (standard deviation); fOne-Way Analysis of Variance. All significance levels are at p < 0.05; *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001; †Controls Active Low Burden vs. Controls Inactive Low Burden; Controls Active High Burden vs. Controls Inactive High Burden; ▲Patients Active Low Burden vs. Patients Inactive Low Burden; ▼Patients Active High Burden vs. Patients Inactive High Burden; ♦Patients Active High Burden vs. Controls Inactive High Burden. APOE data were only available for a proportion of the cohort; Values in bold indicate p values < 0.05.