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. 2023 Jul 17;18:100509. doi: 10.1016/j.abrep.2023.100509

Table 1.

Unified Theory of Behavior Constructs and Questions.

Construct Definition Example of Questions
Intentions
Behavioral beliefs The perceived advantages and disadvantages that young people associate with vaping. What do you perceive as the pros and cons of using vaping products?
Social Norms The endorsement or disapproval from significant social relationships (e.g., family or friends) regarding a young person's decision to vape. Are there significant individuals in your life that encourage or discourage your use of vaping products?
Self-Concept/Social Image Young people's decisions may be affected by the type of image they associate with youths who vape or choose not to vape Imagine young people who would or would not choose to use a vaping product. How would you describe them?
Emotions The emotional responses that young people experience when contemplating the use of vaping products. Do you experience any particular emotions when you think about using vaping products?
Self-Efficacy (combined with knowledge) The degree of confidence that young people have in their ability to successfully vape or abstain from vaping. Could you please describe the strategies or coping mechanisms you use or will use to either vape or avoid vaping?
Moderators of intention-behavior Factors that could influence or change the correlation between a youth's intention to vape and their actual behavior. Are there any specific conditions or factors that might alter your decision to vape, even if you originally intended to?
Knowledge (combined with skills) The extent of information that youth possess and the skills they employ to either initiate or abstain from vaping. Can you describe the information or skills that you utilize or would utilize to either begin vaping or to resist vaping?
Environmental Circumstances in the surrounding context that can either hinder or promote the initiation or abstention from vaping. Can you identify any factors or situations in your environment that would make it more challenging or simpler for you to either start vaping or abstain from vaping?
Salience Environmental prompts that aid in either initiating or abstaining from vaping. Are there any specific triggers or reminders in your surroundings that could potentially assist you in either starting to vape or avoiding vaping?
Habits Automatic processes that influence a youth's decision to either start or abstain from vaping. Can you mention any habitual behaviors you have that might contribute to either your decision to start vaping or your effort to abstain from it?
Split-second decision-making Youth confronted with a situation last minute that gets in the way of them vaping or not vaping despite previous opposite intention. Can you think of a scenario where you might suddenly decide not to vape, even if you had intended to?