Table 3.

Porosity calculations obtained using the SEM Image Porosity & Pore Size semi-automated image processing algorithm (surface images only).

Fig #	Magnification	Average Pore Radius (μm)	Porosity1	Standard Deviations
a	250×	0.0062	0.0703	0.0013
c	2,000×	0.0078	0.1830	0.0025
e	5,000×	0.0085	0.2105	0.0032
g	12,000×	0.0088	0.2702	0.0034

Note:¹A difference between porosity and membrane void porosity ‘ε’ (free solution volume within a wet membrane, indicated in Table 1, Table 2), was observed as FESEM sputtering covers the voids in the membranes thereby reducing void size (pore size and dimension). A spatial resolution of 3.0 nm/pixel was fixed for the JEOL JSM6380A SEM.