Figure 2.

Role of 14-3-3ζ proteins in exocytosis and insulin secretion. A: The localization of 14-3-3ζ in mitochondria may directly affect ATP synthesis, as evidenced by the ability of 14-3-3ζ to restrict mitochondrial OXPHOS. This ultimately constrains ATP-dependent insulin secretion. B: In parallel, β-cell 14-3-3ζ may regulate cross talk between β-cells and α-cells. Secretion of the insulinotropic peptide GLP-1 by α-cells leads to activation of the GLP-1R in β-cells, leading to reductions in 14-3-3ζ expression and the liberation of β-cell–derived paracrine factors that enhance β-cell function.