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. 2022 Apr 26;3(3):567–571. doi: 10.1016/j.bpsgos.2022.04.002

Table 1.

Time-Dependent Associations Between Childhood Adversity and DNAm at 7 Years of Age

Adversity CpG Hypothesis (Age in Years) DNAm (Unexposed)a DNAm (Exposed)b DNAm Differencec Effect Estimated SE p Value FDR Nearest Gene pLIe
Caregiver physical or emotional abuse (n = 698) cg12023170f Middle childhood (6) 0.091 0.125 0.034 0.034 0.005 1.25 × 10−9 5.48 × 10−4 TCEA3 9.66 × 10−4
Physical or sexual abuse (n = 681) cg20369299 Early childhood (4.75) 0.724 0.628 −0.096 −0.091 0.018 2.12 × 10−7 4.67 × 10−2 MIR4776-1 NA
cg13817046f Early childhood (4.75) 0.483 0.411 −0.072 −0.075 0.013 5.07 × 10−8 2.23 × 10−2 PRR15 4.47 × 10−1
Family instability (n = 681) cg04079399f Very early childhood (2.5) 0.891 0.870 −0.021 −0.020 0.004 6.15 × 10−8 8.79 × 10−3 LINC00398 NA
cg01407460f Early childhood (4.75) 0.025 0.021 −0.004 −0.004 0.001 3.10 × 10−8 6.82 × 10−3 CORO7-PAM16 1.63 × 10−12
cg01587190 Early childhood (4.75) 0.067 0.078 0.010 0.011 0.002 1.11 × 10−6 2.53 × 10−2 ERCC2 3.14 × 10−13
cg22346081 Early childhood (4.75) 0.863 0.844 −0.019 −0.019 0.004 3.48 × 10−6 3.92 × 10−2 SORT1 1.00
cg14948379 Early childhood (4.75) 0.855 0.822 −0.034 −0.035 0.006 4.10 × 10−7 2.07 × 10−2 MRPS9 3.36 × 10−6
cg17134302 Early childhood (4.75) 0.851 0.834 −0.017 −0.018 0.004 2.91 × 10−6 3.92 × 10−2 FBXO36 3.23 × 10−6
cg22060367 Early childhood (4.75) 0.887 0.867 −0.020 −0.020 0.004 1.84 × 10−7 1.62 × 10−2 TANK 9.44 × 10−1
cg01100868 Early childhood (4.75) 0.903 0.885 −0.018 −0.018 0.003 2.07 × 10−6 3.37 × 10−2 SLIT3 9.92 × 10−1
cg16338178 Early childhood (4.75) 0.830 0.800 −0.030 −0.030 0.006 3.22 × 10−6 3.92 × 10−2 LINC01845 NA
cg27639644 Early childhood (4.75) 0.858 0.827 −0.031 −0.031 0.006 5.64 × 10−7 2.07 × 10−2 RAB9BP1 NA
cg00943585 Early childhood (4.75) 0.834 0.785 −0.049 −0.048 0.010 3.48 × 10−6 3.92 × 10−2 LOC154449 NA
cg27061903 Early childhood (4.75) 0.052 0.070 0.018 0.018 0.003 2.23 × 10−6 3.51 × 10−2 COX7A2 3.76 × 10−1
cg01023798 Early childhood (4.75) 0.865 0.839 −0.026 −0.026 0.005 1.54 × 10−6 2.82 × 10−2 SDK1 5.02 × 10−3
cg02886132 Early childhood (4.75) 0.885 0.868 −0.017 −0.017 0.004 1.18 × 10−6 2.53 × 10−2 TYW1B 8.12 × 10−9
cg10571837 Early childhood (4.75) 0.901 0.888 −0.014 −0.014 0.003 5.35 × 10−7 2.07 × 10−2 ZNF713 1.12 × 10−3
cg23184756 Early childhood (4.75) 0.847 0.822 −0.025 −0.025 0.005 4.89 × 10−7 2.07 × 10−2 ZNF735 NA
cg01654242 Early childhood (4.75) 0.802 0.752 −0.050 −0.050 0.009 1.95 × 10−6 3.31 × 10−2 FBXO43 1.50 × 10−4
cg16231917 Early childhood (4.75) 0.211 0.268 0.057 0.057 0.012 4.09 × 10−6 4.39 × 10−2 PVT1 NA
cg27457457f Early childhood (4.75) 0.695 0.623 −0.073 −0.075 0.013 2.77 × 10−8 6.82 × 10−3 RIPK2 5.54 × 10−1
cg13876553 Early childhood (4.75) 0.812 0.775 −0.037 −0.039 0.008 3.88 × 10−6 4.27 × 10−2 DOCK8 1.35 × 10−4
cg21172807 Early childhood (4.75) 0.104 0.128 0.024 0.024 0.005 3.14 × 10−6 3.92 × 10−2 BRINP1 9.95 × 10−1
cg05886789 Early childhood (4.75) 0.845 0.817 −0.028 −0.029 0.005 2.57 × 10−7 1.89 × 10−2 PLXDC2 6.13 × 10−1
cg07206497 Early childhood (4.75) 0.876 0.854 −0.022 −0.023 0.004 1.16 × 10−6 2.53 × 10−2 USP6NL 1.02 × 10−1
cg08971940 Early childhood (4.75) 0.784 0.741 −0.043 −0.045 0.009 1.73 × 10−6 3.05 × 10−2 FZD8 NA
cg01504589 Early childhood (4.75) 0.851 0.809 −0.043 −0.042 0.008 8.53 × 10−7 2.53 × 10−2 ZC3H12C 9.99 × 10−1
cg22011436 Early childhood (4.75) 0.855 0.826 −0.029 −0.030 0.005 1.21 × 10−6 2.53 × 10−2 SYT13 2.20 × 10−1
cg26997966 Early childhood (4.75) 0.853 0.829 −0.025 −0.025 0.005 3.14 × 10−7 1.97 × 10−2 RNF214 8.30 × 10−1
cg00967695 Early childhood (4.75) 0.885 0.847 −0.038 −0.039 0.007 1.30 × 10−6 2.56 × 10−2 CHFR 6.37 × 10−1
cg01267076 Early childhood (4.75) 0.865 0.841 −0.024 −0.024 0.004 1.34 × 10−6 2.56 × 10−2 – –
cg13706680f Early childhood (4.75) 0.881 0.859 −0.021 −0.022 0.004 7.98 × 10−8 8.79 × 10−3 KITLG 5.09 × 10−1
cg14637285 Early childhood (4.75) 0.855 0.828 −0.027 −0.027 0.005 2.82 × 10−6 3.92 × 10−2 – –
cg12188526 Early childhood (4.75) 0.889 0.873 −0.016 −0.016 0.003 3.24 × 10−6 3.92 × 10−2 SNORD56B NA
cg01841772 Early childhood (4.75) 0.806 0.772 −0.035 −0.036 0.009 4.52 × 10−6 4.63 × 10−2 NOB1 8.61 × 10−8
cg09305491 Early childhood (4.75) 0.913 0.899 −0.015 −0.015 0.003 1.02 × 10−6 2.53 × 10−2 PRKCB 1.00
cg27567416 Early childhood (4.75) 0.891 0.876 −0.015 −0.015 0.003 1.12 × 10−6 2.53 × 10−2 ADCY9 9.74 × 10−1
cg05353659 Early childhood (4.75) 0.897 0.881 −0.016 −0.017 0.003 1.02 × 10−6 2.53 × 10−2 G6PC 1.81 × 10−3
cg11438065 Early childhood (4.75) 0.901 0.886 −0.015 −0.016 0.003 5.06 × 10−7 2.07 × 10−2 ZNF780B 3.90 × 10−13
cg14401897 Early childhood (4.75) 0.830 0.784 −0.046 −0.044 0.009 2.34 × 10−6 3.56 × 10−2 SBNO2 2.44 × 10−2
cg06770536 Middle childhood (5.75) 0.740 0.688 −0.052 −0.051 0.010 4.31 × 10−6 4.51 × 10−2 C1orf127 1.33 × 10−5
cg26848593 Middle childhood (5.75) 0.025 0.030 0.005 0.005 0.001 1.10 × 10−6 2.53 × 10−2 UBOX5 1.79 × 10−3
cg17719337 Middle childhood (5.75) 0.036 0.045 0.009 0.009 0.002 2.48 × 10−6 3.65 × 10−2 CNPY1 8.75 × 10−3
cg19569074 Middle childhood (6.75) 0.673 0.594 −0.079 −0.079 0.017 3.03 × 10−6 3.92 × 10−2 SDK1 5.02 × 10−3
cg10940545 Middle childhood (6.75) 0.819 0.750 −0.069 −0.073 0.015 3.47 × 10−6 3.92 × 10−2 BRI3BP 1.25 × 10−1

DNAm, DNA methylation; FDR, false discovery rate; NA, nearest gene was not in the Exome Aggregation Consortium list.

a

Mean DNAm levels in individuals unexposed to adversity.

b

Mean DNAm levels in individuals exposed to adversity.

c

Differences in DNAm levels between exposed and unexposed individuals.

d

Effect estimates from linear regression of exposure to adversity and DNAm, adjusting for cell types, child sex, race/ethnicity, birth weight, maternal education, maternal age at birth, number of previous pregnancies, and maternal smoking during pregnancy.

e

Probability of intolerance to loss of function from the Exome Aggregation Consortium for the gene nearest to the significant locus (12).

f

Significant at a genome-wide Bonferroni-corrected threshold p < 1.13 × 10−7.