Table 2.
Injury and Surgery Characteristics at Finger-Level∗
| Variables | Overall |
Zone 3 |
Zone 2 |
P Value |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| n = 213 | n = 39 | n = 174 | P ≤ .05 | |
| Injured fingers | ||||
| Digit 2 | 67 (31.5) | 9 (23.1) | 58 (33.3) | .21 |
| Digit 3 | 33 (15.5) | 6 (15.4) | 27 (15.5) | .82 |
| Digit 4 | 40 (18.8) | 13 (33.3) | 27 (15.5) | <.001† |
| Digit 5 | 73 (34.3) | 11 (28.2) | 62 (35.6) | .61 |
| FDP complete laceration | ||||
| Digit 2 | 57 (85.1) | 7 (77.8) | 50 (86.2) | .51 |
| Digit 3 | 32 (97.0) | 6 (100) | 26 (96.3) | .64 |
| Digit 4 | 32 (80.0) | 10 (76.9) | 22 (81.5) | .74 |
| Digit 5 | 71 (97.3) | 11 (100) | 60 (96.8) | .55 |
| FDS complete laceration | ||||
| Digit 2 | 35 (52.2) | 7 (77.8) | 28 (48.3) | .13 |
| Digit 3 | 18 (54.5) | 6 (100) | 12 (44.4) | .02‡ |
| Digit 4 | 7 (17.5) | 0 | 7 (25.9) | <.001‡ |
| Digit 5 | 35 (48.0) | 10 (83.3) | 25 (40.3) | .01‡ |
| FDS intact | ||||
| Digit 2 | 14 (20.9) | 1 (11.1) | 13 (22.4) | 0 |
| Digit 3 | 12 (36.4) | 0 | 12 (44.4) | 0 |
| Digit 4 | 11 (27.5) | 1 (7.7) | 10 (37.0) | 0 |
| Digit 5 | 28 (38.4) | 1 (9.1) | 27 (43.5) | 0 |
| Nerve involved | ||||
| Digit 2 | 40 (59.7) | 5 (55.6) | 35 (60.3) | .79 |
| Digit 3 | 13 (39.4) | 4 (66.7) | 9 (33.3) | .14 |
| Digit 4 | 26 (65.0) | 8 (61.5) | 18 (66.7) | .75 |
| Digit 5 | 26 (35.6) | 5 (45.5) | 21 (33.9) | .46 |
| Joint involved | ||||
| Digit 2 | 5 (7.5) | 0 | 5 (8.6) | .36 |
| Digit 3 | 4 (12.1) | 1 (16.7) | 3 (11.1) | .71 |
| Digit 4 | 4 (10.0) | 2 (15.4) | 2 (7.4) | .44 |
| Digit 5 | 5 (6.8) | 2 (18.2) | 3 (4.8) | .12 |
| Muscle injury | ||||
| Digit 2 | 5 (50.0) | 5 (50.0) | 0 | 0 |
| Digit 3 | 3 (42.9) | 3 (42.9) | 0 | 0 |
| Digit 4 | 7 (53.8) | 7 (53.8) | 0 | 0 |
| Digit 5 | 6 (50.0) | 6 (50.0) | 0 | 0 |
| Pulley involved, n | ||||
| Digit 2 (A1, A2, A3, A4) | 15 | 0 (A1) | 2, 2, 7, 4 | -.64 |
| Digit 3 (A1, A2, A3, A4) | 12 | 0 (A1) | 3, 1, 2, 6 | -.78 |
| Digit 4 (A1, A2, A3, A4) | 8 | 0 (A1) | 0, 2, 3, 3 | 0 |
| Digit 5 (A1, A2, A3, A4) | 22 | 0 (A1) | 3, 5, 6, 8 | .66 |
| Pulleys | ||||
| Repair | 21 (10.0) | 1 (2.7) | 20 (11.5) | .10 |
| Venting | 118 (57.3) | 17 (45.9) | 101 (58.0) | .13 |
| Tendon gliding test | 119 (55.9) | 20 (51.3) | 99 (56.9) | .52 |
| Number of FDP strands | .04‡ | |||
| 4-strand suture | 35 (16.4) | 2 (5.1) | 33 (19.0) | |
| 6-strand suture | 178 (83.6) | 37 (94.9) | 141 (81.0) | |
| FDP suture technique | .78 | |||
| Lim-Tsai | 89 (42.0) | 19 (48.7) | 70 (40.2) | |
| M-Tang | 73 (34.4) | 9 (23.1) | 64 (36.8) | |
| Tsuge | 23 (10.8) | 8 (20.5) | 15 (8.6) | |
| Modified M-Tang | 11 (5.2) | 3 (7.7) | 8 (4.6) | |
| Modified Kessler | 9 (4.2) | 0 | 9 (5.2) | |
| FDP core suture material | .43 | |||
| Supramid-Loop 4-0 | 96 (46.4) | 21 (58.3) | 75 (43.1) | |
| Supramid 4-0 | 50 (24.2) | 10 (27.8) | 40 (23.0) | |
| Braun-Tendofil® 4-0 | 19 (9.2) | 2 (5.1) | 17 (9.8) | |
| Fiber-Wire-Loop 4-0 | 16 (7.7) | 2 (5.1) | 14 (8.0) | |
| Fiber-Wire 4-0 | 10 (4.8) | 1 (2.8) | 9 (5.2) | |
| FDP circumferential suture | 168 (79.2) | 29 (74.4) | 139 (79.9) | .41 |
| FDS handling radial† | ||||
| Suture | 98 (46.0) | 33 (84.6) | 65 (37.4) | <.001‡ |
| Resection | 31 (14.6) | 1 (2.6) | 30 (17.2) | .02‡ |
| Untreated | 9 (4.2) | 3 (7.7) | 6 (3.4) | .24 |
| FDS handling ulnar† | ||||
| Suture | 97 (45.5) | 33 (84.6) | 64 (36.8) | <.001‡ |
| Resection | 26 (12.2) | 1 (2.6) | 25 (14.4) | .04‡ |
| Untreated | 14 (6.6) | 3 (7.7) | 11 (6.3) | .76 |
| FDS suture material | .03‡ | |||
| Supramid-Loop 4-0 | 37 (33.6) | 17 (54.8) | 20 (25.3) | |
| Supramid 4-0 | 16 (14.5) | 8 (25.8) | 8 (10.1) | |
| Prolene 4-0 | 21 (19.1) | 4 (12.9) | 17 (21.5) | |
| PDS | 11 (10.0) | 0 | 11 (13.9) |
∗
All values are n(%) unless specified otherwise.
†
There was no distinction in radial and ulnar FDS handling of zone 3 injuries, only for zone 2 injuries. Therefore, the same FDS values are presented twice in the table.
‡
Statistically significant difference between zones (P ≤ .05). These variables were entered into the regression models.