Table 4.
Improvement in Outcome Measurements 6, 13, and 26 Weeks After Surgery Within and Between Zones of Injury
| Outcome Measurements | Zone 3 |
Zone 2 |
Both Zones |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Within-Group Change¶ |
Within-Group Change¶ |
Between-Group Differences# |
|||||
| 6–13 Wks | 13–26 Wks | 6–13 Wks | 13–26 Wks | 6 Wks | 13 Wks | 26 Wks | |
| TAM scores (ASSH)∗ | |||||||
| Mean (95% CI) | −65.8 (−91.3, −40.3) | −37.6 (−59.5, −15.8) | −39.9 (−49.9, −30.0) | −18.0 (−26.4, −9.7) | 19.2 (2.1, 36.3) | −6.7 (−23.1, 9.6) | −26.3 (6.1, −38.2) |
| P value (two-tailed) | <.001∗∗ | <.001∗∗ | <.001∗∗ | <.001∗∗ | .03∗∗ | .42 | <.001∗∗ |
| Effect size, (r) † | −0.84 | −0.54 | −0.62 | −0.39 | 0.40 | −0.14 | −0.65 |
| TPM scores (ASSH)∗ | |||||||
| Mean (95% CI) | −33.6 (−46.6, −20.7) | −24.7 (−36.1, −13.2) | −25.2 (−32.7, −17.7) | −9.8 (−16.0, −3.6) | 2.0 (−10.1, 14.1) | −6.4 (−18.2, 5.4) | −21.3 (−31.1, −11.5) |
| P value (two-tailed) | <.001∗∗ | <.001∗∗ | <.001∗∗ | .002∗∗ | .41 | .86 | .27 |
| Effect size, (r) † | −0.83 | −0.81 | −0.55 | −0.30 | 0.05 | −0.17 | −0.60 |
| TAM scores (Tang)‡ | |||||||
| Mean (95% CI) | −42.1 (−63.3, −20.9) | −24.8 (−43.2, −6.5) | −24.7 (−33.1, −16.4) | −16.0 (−23.7, −8.4) | −2.4 (7.8, −17.8) | −19.8 (7.2, −33.9) | −28.6 (5.7, −39.8) |
| P value (two-tailed) | <.001∗∗ | .01∗∗ | <.001∗∗ | <.001∗∗ | .76 | .006∗∗ | <.001∗∗ |
| Effect size, (r) † | −0.66 | −0.38 | −0.45 | −0.35 | −0.06 | −0.48 | −0.81 |
| TPM scores (Tang)‡ | |||||||
| Mean (95% CI) | −19.0 (−26.3, −11.7) | −10.1 (−16.4, −3.7) | −19.2 (−57.4, 18.9) | −7.1 (−12.9, −1.3) | −18.8 (−59.9, 22.3) | −18.5 (−25.7, −11.4) | −21.5 (−28.8, −14.3) |
| P value (two-tailed) | <.001∗∗ | .002∗∗ | .27 | .02∗∗ | .76 | .02∗∗ | .04∗∗ |
| Effect size, (r) † | −0.78 | −0.53 | −0.37 | −0.26 | −0.47 | −0.64 | −0.71 |
| DASH total scores§ | |||||||
| Mean (95% CI) | 0 | 9.3 (3.0, 15.5) | 0 | 9.3 (5.8, 12.9) | 0 | −0.7 (−6.8, 5.4) | −0.8 (−6.0, 4.5) |
| P value (two-tailed) | 0 | <.001∗∗ | 0 | <.001∗∗ | 0 | .82 | .78 |
| Effect size, (r) † | 0 | 0.68 | 0 | 0.64 | 0 | −0.09 | 0.05 |
| DASH sport scores§ | |||||||
| Mean (95% CI) | 0 | 23.4 (0.9, 45.9) | 0 | 22.0 (12.9, 31.2) | 0 | −4.6 (−18.7, 9.5) | −3.2 (−19.5, 13.1) |
| P value (two-tailed) | 0 | .04∗∗ | 0 | <.001∗∗ | 0 | .52 | .67 |
| Effect size, (r) † | 0 | 0.99 | 0 | 0.72 | 0 | −0.08 | −0.10 |
| DASH work scores§ | |||||||
| Mean (95% CI) | 0 | 14.9 (−8.0, 37.8) | 0 | 14.5 (7.9, 21.2) | 0 | −0.4 (−18.6, 17.9) | −0.02 (−12.8, 12.8) |
| P value (two-tailed) | 0 | .20 | 0 | <.001∗∗ | 0 | .97 | ˃.99 |
| Effect size, (r) † | 0 | 0.64 | 0 | 0.63 | 0 | −0.02 | 0.13 |
| Satisfaction scores‖ | |||||||
| Mean (95% CI) | 0 | −1.1 (−2.3, 0.01) | 0 | −1.1 (−1.7, −0.4) | 0 | 0.1 (−0.8, 1.0) | 0.02 (−0.9, 1.0) |
| P value (two-tailed) | 0 | .05∗∗ | 0 | <.001∗∗ | 0 | .84 | .97 |
| Effect size, (r) † | 0 | −0.61 | 0 | −0.44 | 0 | −0.03 | −0.12 |
| Hand strength (kg) | |||||||
| Mean (95% CI) | 0 | −11.1 (−18.8, −3.5) | 0 | −9.4 (−12.2, −6.7) | 0 | 2.0 (−2.4, 6.4) | −4.5 (−11.0, 2.1) |
| P value (two-tailed) | 0 | .01∗∗ | 0 | <.001∗∗ | 0 | .37 | .93 |
| Effect size, (r) † | 0 | −0.99 | 0 | −0.74 | 0 | 0.23 | −0.38 |
TPM, total passive motion.
∗
Sum of MCP + PIP + DIP joint ROM; norm value = 260°.
†
Cohen’s d, where r = 0.10 is a small, r = 0.30 is a medium, and r = 0.50 is a large clinical effect.
‡
Sum of PIP + DIP joint ROM; norm value = 175°.
§
DASH score scaled on a 0–100 scale. A higher score indicates greater disability. The MID ranges from 10.8 to 18.8 points.
‖
Satisfaction with the injured hand on a 0–10 Likert scale. A higher score indicates greater satisfaction. The MID ranged from 1.2 to 1.8 points.
¶
Paired t test.
#
Independent-sample t test; P value ≤ .05 for all outcome measurements.
∗∗
Statistically significant differences (P ≤ .05)