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. 2023 Jul 21;15(14):3233. doi: 10.3390/nu15143233

Figure 1.

Figure 1

(A). Fetal bovine serum starvation of human hFOC osteoblasts (negative control, grown in media without FBS) significantly (p < 0.01) reduced osteoblast viability as compared with hFOB osteoblasts grown in media containing 10% FBS (positive control, grown in media containing 10% FBS); n = 6, squares and circles represent data points. (B). IPA analysis of the effects of serum starvation (negative controls) as compared with positive control osteoblasts on differential gene expression (DGE) in the apoptosis canonical pathways. (C). POG (1 μg/mL) treatment of negative control osteoblasts increased cell viability, measured using the CellTiter-Glo 2.0 assay. (D). IPA analysis of DGE showed reduced apoptosis canonical pathway signaling after treatment with POG. (E). RES (1 μg/mL) treatment of negative control osteoblasts increased cell viability and reduced apoptosis. (F). IPA analysis of the effects of serum starvation (negative controls) versus osteoblasts grown in media containing RES on DGE in the apoptosis canonical pathway. DGE data were analyzed by Ingenuity® Pathways Analysis (IPA), with analysis criteria of FC of <−1 and >1 and FDR < 0.05, using Fisher’s exact test (p < 0.05) to determine a significant correlation of canonical pathways with DGEs. Red/pink colors represent significant gene upregulation, and blue/green colors represent significant downregulation of genes. The ENSEMBL database was used to determine DGE enrichment in specific canonical pathways. Osteoblast viability was measured using the CellTiter-Glo® assay, and apoptosis activity was measured using the ApoTox-Glo™ triplex assay. Statistical analysis was performed using GraphPad/Prism 10.0 using the student T-test, **** p < 0.0001.