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. 2023 Jul 22;15(14):3249. doi: 10.3390/nu15143249

Table 3.

Characteristics of other cancer patients in randomized clinical trials on nutraceutical supplements.

Author
(Year)		 Number
of Patient		 Stage Tumor Nutraceutic Arm
(Type; N)		 Control Arm
(Type; N)		 Male/Female Nutraceutic
(N)		 Male/Female Control
(N)		 Age
Nutraceutic Arm
Mean ± SD		 Age
Control Arm
Mean ± SD		 Cancer Type Nutraceutic Dosage Outcome Included Results
Datta M, et al.,
2018 [29]		 134 Stage I, II, III, or IV Juice PLUS+;
n = 72		 Placebo;
n = 62		 61/11 52/10 58 (30–82) * 59 (41–82) * Head and Neck Cancer 2 capsules in the morning and 2 in the afternoon/evening
  • -

    Measure of p27 expression and Ki-67 biomarkers associated with the development of second primary tumors
  • -

    Significantly higher serum levels of α-carotene (p = 0.009), β-carotene (p < 0.0001), and lutein (p = 0.003) but not of p27 (p = 0.23) or Ki-67 (p = 0.95) were observed
Demidov LV, et al.,
2008 [30]		 52 Stage III FWGE + DTIC-based adjuvant chemotherapy;
n = 26		 DTIC;
n = 26		 15/11 15/11 50.4 ± 12.6 47.7 ± 13.9 Skin melanoma 8.5 g of FWGE granulate to dissolve in 150 mmL of water, orally once-daily
  • -

    PFS

  • -

    OS
  • -

    PFS: 55.8 months vs. 29.9 months (p = 0.0137)

  • -

    OS: 66.2 months vs. 44.7 months (p = 0.0298)
Mohseni H, et al.,
2019 [31]		 52 Stage I to III Vitamin D;
n = 26		 Edible paraffin;
n = 26		 - - 46.3 ± 9.5 47.7 ± 8.0 Breast cancer Vitamin D3: 50,000 IU/week
  • -

    Measure of 25(OH) D3, TNF-α, TGF-β, and TAC based on VDR genotypes
  • -

    Vitamin D: (28 ± 2.6 to 39 ± 3.5; p = 0.004)

  • -

    TAC: (48.9 ± 13.3 to 63.5 ± 13.3; p = 0.017)

  • -

    Variations of TGF-β1 and TNF-α were not statistically significant
Shahvegharasl Z, et al.,
2020 [32]		 44 Stage I to III Cholecalciferol;
n = 22		 Placebo;
n = 22		 - - 44.1 ± 6.8 41.8 ± 7.5 Breast cancer 50,000 IU weekly of cholecalciferol
  • -

    Serum levels of VEGF-A, Ang-2, Hif-1, and hs-CRP
  • -

    Serum levels of Ang-2, Hif-1, hs-CRP, and Ang-2/VEGF-A were increased during the treatment period

* data are reported as median (range); Abbreviation is as follows: Ang, angiopoietin; DTIC, dacarbazine; FWGE, fermented wheat germ extract; Hif, hypoxia-inducible factor; hs-CRP, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein; OS, overall survival; PFS, progression free survival; TAC, total antioxidant capacity; VDR, vitamin D receptor; VEGF, vascular endothelial growth factor.