Table 4.

Nutraceutical classes in cancer therapy.

Nutraceuticals Classes	Active ingredients of Nutraceuticals	Mechanism of Action	References
Polyphenolic Compounds	Flavones, Isoflavones, Flavonones, Flavonols, Phenolic Acids, Resveratrol, Curcumin	Alteration of signal pathways to remove cancer cells Block of the cell cycle Apoptosis	[33]
Carotenoids	Lycopene, α- and β-carotene, α-cryptoxanthin, Zeaxanthin, Fucoxanthin	Alteration of pathways leading to cell growth or cell death	[34]
Lipids and polyunsaturated fatty acids	Alpha-linolenic acid, Docosahexaenoic acid, Eicosapentaenoic acid	Regulation of metabolic pathways and inflammation Reduction of oxidative stress Alteration of the membrane composition and cell signalling pathways	[35]
Vitamins	Vitamin D, Vitamin B12	Promotion of cellular differentiation Inhibition of cancer cell growth Apoptosis Reduction of angiogenesis Decrease of tumor progression and metastasis	[36]