Table 2.

Risk of bias of cohort studies using CASP critical reading guidelines.

Study	Question 1	Question 2	Question 3
Bean et al., 2020 [29]	Yes	Yes	Yes
De Spiegeleer et al., 2020 [31]	Yes	Yes	Yes
Elabd et al., 2021 [32]	Yes	Yes	Yes
Fosbϕl et al., 2020 [33]	Yes	Yes	Yes
Hippisley-Cox et al., 2020 [34]	Yes	Yes	Yes
Jeffery et al., 2022 [35]	Yes	Yes	Yes
Mancia et al., 2020 [37]	Yes	Yes	Yes
Mazzoni et al., 2022 [38]	Yes	Yes	Yes
Morales et al., 2021 [39]	Yes	Yes	Yes
Palazzuoli et al., 2020 [40]	Yes	Yes	Yes
Peñalvo et al., 2021 [41]	Yes	Yes	Yes
Sha et al., 2020 [42]	Yes	Yes	Yes
Trifiró et al., 2020 [44]	Yes	Yes	Yes
Zhang et al., 2020 [45]	Yes	Yes	Yes

Note: Question 1: Is the study focused on a clearly defined topic?; Question 2: Was the cohort recruited in the most appropriate way?; Question 3: Was the outcome measured precisely in order to minimize potential bias?